Dataset Information

Decreased Circulating Levels of Spexin in Obese Children.

ABSTRACT: CONTEXT:Spexin is a novel peptide that is implicated in obesity and related energy homeostasis in animals and adult humans. Little is known about its role in children. OBJECTIVE:The aim of the current study was to determine the potential role of Spexin in obese children and explore its relationships with various cardiometabolic risk factors. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS:This was a cross-sectional study composed of 69 children (51 obese and 18 normal weight; age 15.3 ± 0.26 y). OUTCOME MEASURES:Spexin was measured using a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Leptin, total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin, IL-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, glucose, and insulin were also measured. Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson and Spearman rank correlations, logistic regression, and cluster analysis were used for the analysis and interpretation of the data. RESULTS:Spexin levels were significantly lower in obese vs normal-weight children, median(IQR) (0.33 ng/mL [0.27-0.44] vs 0.42 ng/mL [0.33-0.55]; P = .024), but did not correlate with other adipokines and/or insulin and glucose levels. Ordinal categorical variables of Spexin showed a strictly reverse association of obesity with the level of Spexin. Cluster analysis of Spexin and body mass index z score resulted in splitting the participants into normal-weight and obese-weight groups with high accuracy. CONCLUSIONS:Lower circulating levels of Spexin in obese children compared with their normal-weight counterparts and the ability to discriminate obese and normal-weight groups based on Spexin concentration enabled us to suggest a potential role for this novel peptide in childhood obesity. The clinical significance of these findings needs additional investigation.

SUBMITTER: Kumar S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4929838 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Decreased Circulating Levels of Spexin in Obese Children.

Kumar Seema S Hossain Jobayer J Nader Nicole N Aguirre Roxana R Sriram Swetha S Balagopal P Babu PB

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 20160524 7

<h4>Context</h4>Spexin is a novel peptide that is implicated in obesity and related energy homeostasis in animals and adult humans. Little is known about its role in children.<h4>Objective</h4>The aim of the current study was to determine the potential role of Spexin in obese children and explore its relationships with various cardiometabolic risk factors.<h4>Design and participants</h4>This was a cross-sectional study composed of 69 children (51 obese and 18 normal weight; age 15.3 ± 0.26 y).<h ...[more]

PMID: 27218269

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Project description:Capillary integrity continues to challenge critical care physicians worldwide when treating children with sepsis. Vascular growth factors, specifically angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2, play opposing roles in capillary stabilization in patients with sepsis. We aim to determine whether pediatric patients with severe sepsis/shock have persistently high angiopoietin-2/1 ratios when compared with nonseptic PICU patients over a 7-day period.Prospective observational study. Patients were classified within 24 hours of admission into non-systemic inflammatory response syndrome, systemic inflammatory response syndrome/sepsis, or severe sepsis/shock. Plasma levels of angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The angiopoietin-2/1 ratio was graphically plotted and determined whether patients fell into "constant" or "variable" patterns.Tertiary care center PICU.Critically ill pediatric patients with varying sepsis severity.None.Forty-five patients were enrolled (nine non-systemic inflammatory response syndrome, 19 systemic inflammatory response syndrome/sepsis, and 17 severe sepsis/shock). Gender, age, weight, comorbidities, and PICU length of stay were not significantly different between the groups. Admission pediatric risk stratification scores and net fluid ins/outs were significantly elevated in the severe sepsis/shock group when compared (all p < 0.05). Admission angiopoietin-2 levels and angiopoietin-2/1 ratios were significantly different in the severe sepsis/shock group when all groups were compared (both p < 0.05). Additionally, the latter were significantly elevated in the severe sepsis/shock group at multiple time points (all p ? 0.05) with the peak occurring on day 2 of illness. In a separate analysis, 32% of systemic inflammatory response syndrome/sepsis and 82% of severe sepsis/shock had variable angiopoietin-2/1 ratio patterns compared with none in the control group (p < 0.001).Pediatric patients with severe sepsis and septic shock possess significantly elevated angiopoietin-2/1 ratios during their first 3 days of illness, which peak at day 2 of illness. A subset of these patients demonstrated variable angiopoietin-2/1 ratio patterns.

Project description:BackgroundChildhood obesity prevalence has increased worldwide and is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The production of inflammatory adipokines by obese adipose tissue contributes to the development of T2D and CVD. While levels of circulating adipokines such as adiponectin and leptin have been established in obese children and adults, the expression of adiponectin and leptin receptors on circulating immune cells can modulate adipokine signalling, but has not been studied so far. Here, we aim to establish the expression of adiponectin and leptin receptors on circulating immune cells in obese children pre and post-lifestyle intervention compared to normal weight control children.Methods13 obese children before and after a 1-year lifestyle intervention were compared with an age and sex-matched normal weight control group of 15 children. Next to routine clinical and biochemical parameters, circulating adipokines were measured, and flow cytometric analysis of adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 (AdipoR1, AdipoR2) and leptin receptor expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets was performed.ResultsObese children exhibited typical clinical and biochemical characteristics compared to controls, including a higher BMI-SD, blood pressure and circulating leptin levels, combined with a lower insulin sensitivity index (QUICKI). The 1-year lifestyle intervention resulted in stabilization of their BMI-SD. Overall, circulating leukocyte subsets showed distinct adipokine receptor expression profiles. While monocytes expressed high levels of all adipokine receptors, NK and iNKT cells predominantly expressed AdipoR2, and B-lymphocytes and CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte subsets expressed AdipoR2 as well as leptin receptor. Strikingly though, leukocyte subset numbers and adipokine receptor expression profiles were largely similar in obese children and controls. Obese children showed higher naïve B-cell numbers, and pre-intervention also higher numbers of immature transition B-cells and intermediate CD14++CD16+ monocytes combined with lower total monocyte numbers, compared to controls. Furthermore, adiponectin receptor 1 expression on nonclassical CD14+CD16++ monocytes was consistently upregulated in obese children pre-intervention, compared to controls. However, none of the differences in leukocyte subset numbers and adipokine receptor expression profiles between obese children and controls remained significant after multiple testing correction.ConclusionsFirst, the distinct adipokine receptor profiles of circulating leukocyte subsets may partly explain the differential impact of adipokines on leukocyte subsets. Second, the similarities in adipokine receptor expression profiles between obese children and normal weight controls suggest that adipokine signaling in childhood obesity is primarily modulated by circulating adipokine levels, instead of adipokine receptor expression.

Dataset Information

Decreased Circulating Levels of Spexin in Obese Children.

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Decreased Circulating Levels of Spexin in Obese Children.

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