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Greater ?-tocopherol status during acute smoking abstinence with nicotine replacement therapy improved vascular endothelial function by decreasing 8-iso-15(S)-prostaglandin F2?.

ABSTRACT: Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) improves the long-term success rate of smoking cessation, but induces oxidative stress and inflammatory responses that may delay the restoration of vascular endothelial function (VEF). No studies have examined co-therapy of NRT-assisted smoking abstinence with ?-tocopherol (?-T), a vitamin E form with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, on improvements in VEF. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, healthy smokers (25?±?1 y old; mean?±?SEM) received NRT and abstained from smoking for 24?h with placebo (n?=?12) or oral administration of ?-T-rich mixture of tocopherols (?-TmT; n?=?11) that provided 500?mg ?-T. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and biomarkers of nitric oxide metabolism, antioxidant status, inflammation, and lipid peroxidation [8-iso-prostaglandin F2? stereoisomers (8-iso-15(R)-PGF2? and 8-iso-15(S)-PGF2?)] were measured prior to and after 24?h of smoking abstinence. Smoking abstinence with NRT regardless of ?-TmT similarly decreased urinary naphthol (P?

SUBMITTER: Mah E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4935369 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Greater γ-tocopherol status during acute smoking abstinence with nicotine replacement therapy improved vascular endothelial function by decreasing 8-iso-15(S)-prostaglandin F2α.

Mah Eunice E Pei Ruisong R Guo Yi Y Masterjohn Christopher C Ballard Kevin D KD Taylor Beth A BA Taylor Alan W AW Traber Maret G MG Volek Jeff S JS Bruno Richard S RS

Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) 20141030 4

Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) improves the long-term success rate of smoking cessation, but induces oxidative stress and inflammatory responses that may delay the restoration of vascular endothelial function (VEF). No studies have examined co-therapy of NRT-assisted smoking abstinence with γ-tocopherol (γ-T), a vitamin E form with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, on improvements in VEF. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, healthy smokers (25 ± 1 y old; mean ...[more]

PMID: 25361769

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Lower socioeconomic status (SES) and psychosocial stress during pregnancy have been associated with adverse birth outcomes. While hypothalamic-pituitary-axis activation is thought to be the primary driver, oxidative stress may also be involved mechanistically. We used data from the Puerto Rico Testsite for Exploring Contamination Threats (PROTECT) cohort (N=476) to examine associations between self-reported psychosocial stress measures, SES indicators, and urinary oxidative stress biomarker concentrations, hypothesizing that women with lower SES and increased psychosocial stress would have elevated oxidative stress biomarkers. METHODS:Maternal age, education, marital status, insurance status, alcohol use and smoking status were obtained via self-reported questionnaires and were used as indicators of SES. Perceived stress, depression, negative life experiences, neighborhood perceptions, and social support were self-reported in questionnaires administered during pregnancy. Responses were grouped into tertiles for analysis, where the highest tertile corresponded to highest level of psychosocial stress. Urinary concentrations of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2? (8-iso-PGF2?) and its primary metabolite were measured at three study visits (median 18, 24, 28 weeks gestation) and averaged to reflect oxidative stress across pregnancy. Linear models were used to examine associations between SES indicators, tertiles of psychosocial stress and oxidative stress biomarkers. RESULTS:Average levels of 8-iso-PGF2? and the 8-iso-PGF2? metabolite were higher among pregnant women who were younger, who had public compared to private insurance, and who were unemployed compared to employed. However, no associations were observed between psychosocial stress measures and biomarker concentrations in adjusted analyses. CONCLUSIONS:Psychosocial stress during pregnancy, as indicated by self-reported questionnaire measures, was not associated with biomarkers of oxidative stress in the PROTECT study. However, results suggest that these biomarkers are elevated among women of lower SES, which is typically associated with stress. Notably, compared to other populations, self-reported psychosocial stress measures were lower in PROTECT compared to other populations.

Project description:1. 8-Iso prostaglandin F2 alpha (8-iso PGF2 alpha) is one of a series of prostanoids formed independently of the cyclo-oxygenase pathway. It has been shown to be upregulated in many conditions of oxidant stress where its formation is induced by free radical-catalysed actions on arachidonic acid. As 8-iso PGF2 alpha is formed in vivo in diseases in which oxidant stress is high such as septic shock, we have assessed the relative potency and efficacy of this compound in pulmonary arteries from control and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated rats. 2. Several studies have characterized the contractile actions of 8-iso PGF2 alpha on various smooth muscle preparations, but its potential dilator actions have not been addressed. Thus these studies examined both the contractile and dilator actions of 8-iso PGF2 alpha in rat pulmonary artery rings. The thromboxane mimetic U46619, PGE2 sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and acetyl choline (ACh) were used for comparison. Each prostanoid had to be dissolved in ethanol to a maximum concentration of 1 x 10-2 M. At high concentrations, ethanol directly contracted pulmonary vessels. We were therefore limited by the actions of the vehicle such that we were unable to add prostanoids at concentrations higher than 1 x 10-4 M. In some cases this meant that maximum responses were not achieved and in these cases the Emax and pD2 values are apparent estimates. 3. The following rank order of potency was obtained from contractile studies; U46619 > 8-iso PGF2 alpha > PGE2, each prostanoid producing concentration-dependent contractions (10(-10)-3 x 10(-4) M, 10(-9)-10(-4) M, 10(-8)-10(-4) M, respectively). As has been shown previously for other smooth muscle preparations, the thromboxane receptor (TP) antagonist ICI 192605, (1 x 10(-6), 1 x 10(-5) and 1 x 10(-4) M), inhibited the contractions of 8-iso PGF2 alpha in a concentration-dependent fashion. 4. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 1 x 10(-4) M), enhanced the contractile function of both 8-iso PGF2 alpha and PGE2, but had no effect on that caused by U46619. Similarly, L-NAME inhibited the dilator function of all agents tested except the exogenous nitric oxide (NO) donor SNP indicating that PGE2 and 8-iso PGF2 alpha like ACh, act through the release of NO. The specificity of the effects of L-NAME were confirmed in studies with the inactive enantiomer D-NAME (1 x 10(-4) M), which did not affect the contractile or the dilator actions of 8-iso PGF2 alpha. Furthermore, ICI 192605 enhanced the dilator actions of 8-iso PGF2 alpha, suggesting that the dilator component of 8-iso PGF2 alpha was achieved via activation of a non-TP receptor. 5. Isoprostanes may modulate vascular tone by a direct action on TP receptors to cause contraction and via a distinct receptor leading to the release of NO to cause dilation.

Dataset Information

Greater ?-tocopherol status during acute smoking abstinence with nicotine replacement therapy improved vascular endothelial function by decreasing 8-iso-15(S)-prostaglandin F2?.

Publications

Greater γ-tocopherol status during acute smoking abstinence with nicotine replacement therapy improved vascular endothelial function by decreasing 8-iso-15(S)-prostaglandin F2α.

Similar Datasets

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