Cryptorchid testis with torsion: Inguinoscrotal whirlpool sign.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Indiran V
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4970401 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jul-Sep
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Cryptorchid testis with torsion: Inguinoscrotal whirlpool sign.
Indian journal of urology : IJU : journal of the Urological Society of India 20160701 3
Non contrast helical computed tomography (CT) study of the abdomen is frequently performed in evaluation of suspected ureteric colic. We present CT images of a young adult male patient who had torsion of an undescended, non-neoplastic testis and describe the "Inguinoscrotal whirlpool sign on CT". ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:Supernumerary testis (SNT), or polyorchidism, is a rare congenital anomaly of the genitourinary tract, described as the presence of more than two testicles. Testicular torsion (TT) in unilateral SNT is extremely rare. We report a case of unilateral SNT in a 16-year-old boy accompanied by TT, which was diagnosed preoperatively based on the outcomes of physical examination and ultrasound and confirmed intraoperatively. We opted for orchiectomy of this SNT because of the long-time hypoperfusion. And as for the normal testis, orchidopexy was performed. His clinical presentation subsided after surgery, and the patient was discharged 3 days later.
| S-EPMC9035904 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVE:To prospectively correlate pain duration, red scrotal skin, ultrasound appearance of testis, and intraoperative testis color to future testis atrophy after acute testicular torsion. METHODS:Patients 2 months-18 years old with unilateral acute scrotum were consecutively enrolled in a National Institutes of Health transcutaneous near-infrared spectroscopy study, with a subgroup analysis of the true torsion group. Presence or absence of red scrotal skin, pain duration, testicular heterogeneity on preoperative ultrasound, and intraoperative testis color based on a novel visual chart 5 minutes after detorsion were recorded. All testes underwent orchiopexy regardless of appearance. Percent volume difference between normal and torsed testicles on follow-up ultrasound was compared between patients with and without risk factors. RESULTS:Thirty of 56 patients who had surgical detorsion underwent scrotal ultrasound at a mean of 117 days after surgery. A color of black or hemorrhagic 5 minutes after detorsion, pain duration >12 hours, and heterogeneous parenchyma on preoperative ultrasound were associated with significant testis volume loss in follow-up compared with normal testis. All patients with a black or hemorrhagic testis had >80% volume loss. Erythematous scrotal skin was not significantly associated with smaller affected testis volume in follow-up. CONCLUSION:Based on the high atrophy rate, orchiectomy can be considered for testes that are black or hemorrhagic 5 minutes after detorsion. Pain duration >12 hours and parenchymal heterogeneity on preoperative ultrasound were also associated with testis atrophy. Red scrotal skin was not a reliable predictor of atrophy and should not delay exploration.
| S-EPMC6291205 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Physiological scrotal hypothermia is necessary for normal spermatogenesis and fertility in mammals. Human RNA binding motif protein 3 (RBM3) is structurally highly similar to the cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (Cirp), and both mRNAs are induced in human cells at the scrotal temperature (32 degrees C). We report here the cloning of mouse Rbm3 cDNA, which encoded an 18-kd protein with 94% identity in amino acid sequence to that of human RBM3. In the testis of adult mice, Rbm3 mRNA and protein were detected in Sertoli cells, but not germ cells, of seminiferous tubules at all stages. The expression was not observed in Sertoli cells of fetuses, but was observed in newborn and older mice. In the TAMA26 mouse Sertoli cell line, the Rbm3 expression level was increased or decreased within 12 hours after temperature shift from 37 degrees C to 32 degrees C or 39 degrees C, respectively. In contrast to Cirp, the cold-induced growth suppression of TAMA26 cells was not affected by suppression of the Rbm3 expression. When mouse testis was exposed to heat stress by experimental cryptorchidism, the level of Rbm3 was decreased in Sertoli cells. Rbm3 may play important roles distinct from those played by Cirp in spermatogenesis and cryptorchidism by regulating the gene expression in Sertoli cells.
| S-EPMC1876928 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Despite timely and successful surgery, 32% of patients with bilateral and 10% with unilateral cryptorchidism will develop azoospermia. Cryptorchid boys at risk of azoospermia display a typical testicular histology of impaired mini-puberty at the time of the orchidopexy. During mini-puberty increased gonadotropin and testosterone secretion stimulate transformation of gonocytes into Ad spermatogonia. In azoospermia risk group this transformation is to a great extent impaired. This study aimed to analyze data on whole genome expression signatures of undescended testes at risk of developing azoospermia.
2010-11-23 | GSE25518 | GEO
Project description:Despite timely and successful surgery, 32% of patients with bilateral and 10% with unilateral cryptorchidism will develop azoospermia. Cryptorchid boys at risk of azoospermia display a typical testicular histology of impaired mini-puberty at the time of the orchidopexy. During mini-puberty increased gonadotropin and testosterone secretion stimulate transformation of gonocytes into Ad spermatogonia. In azoospermia risk group this transformation is to a great extent impaired. This study aimed to analyze data on whole genome expression signatures of undescended testes at risk of developing azoospermia. Twenty-three testicular biopsies from 22 boys were analyzed (19 testes from 18 boys with cryptorchidism) and 4 contralateral descended testes from patients with testicular agenesis. Expression profiling identified 483 genes not or under-expressed in the azoospermia risk group compared with the control and LAZR groups. Annotated loci were associated with spermatogenesis. Other significant genes were cellular defense response genes and hormone controlled loci involved in spermatogenesis. Some genes transcribed in normal adult meiotic and post-meiotic germ cells are activated in healthy juvenile Ad spermatogonia. Thus, molecular events initiating the testicular expression program at the onset of puberty and maintaining it during adulthood occur very early in prepubertal testes. This molecular event is to a great extent impaired in HAZR group lacking Ad spermatogonia (stem cells for spermatozoa) indicating impaired mini puberty.
2010-11-23 | E-GEOD-25518 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The Long Evans/orl (LE/orl) rat is an animal model of inherited undescended testis (UDT). To explore genetic mechanisms of UDT, we studied differential gene expression in LE/orl and LE wild type (LE/wt) fetal gubernaculum and testis. Analyses of differentially expressed probe sets linked below as supplementary files: Analysis_methods.txt [A description of the analysis] gub.txt [Genes differentially expressed in between wt and orl gubernacula] testes.txt [Genes differentially expressed between wt and orl testes] wt.txt [Genes differentially expressed in wt gubernacular development] Keywords: strain/condition predisposition, disease state analysis, developmental
2008-02-03 | GSE7755 | GEO
Project description:Cryptorchidism is associated with infertility in adulthood. Early orchiopexy is suggested to reduce the risk. Information is lacking on the potential link between infant germ cell maturation and the risk of future infertility. The objective of the study was to evaluate age-related germ cell development in cryptorchidism. Immunostaining for markers of germ cell development (octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4 [OCT3/4], placental alkaline phosphatase [PLAP], KIT proto-oncogene [C-KIT], podoplanin [D2-40], Lin-28 homolog A [LIN28], and G antigen 7 [GAGE-7]) was performed in testicular biopsies from 40 cryptorchid boys aged 4-35 months. Germ cell numbers and distributions were evaluated in cross sections of seminiferous tubules, with and without immunostaining. OCT3/4, D2-40, and LIN28 were generally expressed in the early stages of germ cell development, as shown by positive expression in germ cells in the central region of seminiferous tubules. In contrast, PLAP and GAGE-7 were expressed in both central and peripheral parts of the tubules in the early stages of development and expressed mainly in a peripheral position with advancing age. Germ cell maturation was delayed in this study population as compared with that observed in our previous study on germ cell markers in a healthy population. The number of GAGE-7-positive germ cells per tubular cross section obtained by immunostaining was significantly higher than that obtained by standard hematoxylin and eosin staining. Double immunostaining revealed heterogeneity in germ cell development in cryptorchid testes. These results shed light on the pathophysiology of germ cell development in boys with cryptorchidism.
| S-EPMC7275797 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The changes of blood perfusion of contralateral testis after unilateral testicular torsion remain controversial. In this study, 28 New Zealand white male rabbits were randomly divided into five groups. Group A (n = 8), the control group, underwent a sham operation on the unilateral testis without inducing testicular torsion. In groups B, C, and D (n = 5 each), unilateral testicular torsion was induced, and, after 3, 6 or 24 h, respectively, detorsion was performed. In group E (n = 5), permanent unilateral testicular torsion was applied. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound was used to observe the blood perfusion of the contralateral testis at the following stages: pre-torsion (preopration), immediately post-torsion (postopration), pre-detorsion, immediately post-detorsion, and late-stage post-detorsion (6-12 h post-detorsion in groups B-D) or at a similar time point (15-21 h post-torsion in group E). Time-intensity curves were generated, and the following parameters were derived and analyzed: arrival time, time to peak intensity, peak intensity, and half-time of the descending peak intensity. The analysis revealed that blood perfusion of the contralateral testis increased immediately after testicular torsion on the opposite side (P < 0.05), which increased with prolonged testicular torsion of the other testis. This research demonstrated that contrast-enhanced ultrasound was valuable in evaluating blood perfusion of the contralateral testis after unilateral testicular torsion.
| S-EPMC3735025 | biostudies-other
Project description:The Long Evans/orl (LE/orl) rat is an animal model of inherited undescended testis (UDT). To explore genetic mechanisms of UDT, we studied differential gene expression in LE/orl and LE wild type (LE/wt) fetal gubernaculum and testis. Analyses of differentially expressed probe sets linked below as supplementary files:; Analysis_methods.txt [A description of the analysis]; gub.txt [Genes differentially expressed in between wt and orl gubernacula]; testes.txt [Genes differentially expressed between wt and orl testes]; wt.txt [Genes differentially expressed in wt gubernacular development] Experiment Overall Design: Fetuses were harvested from timed matings of LE/wt and LE/orl rats at gestational day (GD) 17, 18, 19, and 20. Single gubernaculum and testis were removed from male fetuses and total RNA was isolated from each organ. Left organs were used, except for GD 20 fetuses where both right and left gubernacula were included. For female fetuses, the right and left gubernacula from a single fetus were pooled before RNA isolation. A total of 54 samples were hybridized to GeneChips; 34 gubernacular samples and 20 testes samples. There were 13 sample groups, each included biological replicate arrays. The sample groups were (1) female LE/wt GD18 gubernacula n=4, (2) male LE/wt GD18 left gubernacula n=4, (3) male LE/wt GD19 left gubernacula n=4, (4) male LE/wt GD20 left gubernacula n=4, (5) male LE/wt GD20 right gubernacula n=3, (6) male LE/orl GD18 left gubernacula n=4, (7) male LE/orl GD19 left gubernacula n=4, (8) male LE/orl GD20 left gubernacula n=4, (9) male LE/orl GD20 right gubernacula n=3, (10) male LE/wt GD17 left testes n=5, (11) male LE/wt GD19 left testes n=5, (12) male LE/orl GD17 left testes n=5, and (13) male LE/orl GD19 left testes n=5.
2008-06-15 | E-GEOD-7755 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Testicular torsion (TT) is the most common urological emergency in children and young adults that can lead to infertility in many cases. The ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury due to TT has been implicated in the pathogenesis of testicular damage. The main pathological mechanisms of contralateral injury after ipsilateral TT are not fully understood. In the presented study, we investigated the molecular and microscopic basis of ipsilateral and contralateral testicular injury following ipsilateral testicular torsion detorsion (T/D) and explored the possible protective role of vitamin D3. The biochemical analysis indicated that IR injury following T/D significantly decreased the activity of testicular glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme, level of serum testosterone, serum inhibin B, and expression of testicular miRNA145, while increased the activity of testicular myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme, level of testicular malondialdehyde (MDA), level of serum antisperm-antibody (AsAb), and expression of ADAM-17. The histological and semen analysis revealed that torsion of the testis caused damages on different tissues in testis. Interestingly, administration of vitamin D3 prior to the IR injury reversed the deterioration effect of IR injury on the testicular tissues as indicated by biochemical and histological analysis which revealed normal appearance of the seminiferous tubules with an apparent decrease in collagen fiber deposition in both ipsilateral and contralateral testes. Our results revealed that the protective effect of vitamin D3 treatment could be attributed to target miRNA145 and ADAM17 protein. To further investigate these findings, we performed a detailed molecular modelling study in order to explore the binding affinity of vitamin D3 toward ADAM17 protein. Our results revealed that vitamin D3 has the ability to bind to the active site of ADAM17 protein via a set of hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions with high docking score. In conclusion, this study highlights the protective pharmacological application of vitamin D3 to ameliorate the damages of testicular T/D on the testicular tissues via targeting miRNA145 and ADAM17 protein.
| S-EPMC8703569 | biostudies-literature