Dataset Information

Associations of Residential Long-Term Air Pollution Exposures and Satellite-Derived Greenness with Insulin Resistance in German Adolescents.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Epidemiological studies have identified associations between air pollution and green space access with type 2 diabetes in adults. However, it remains unclear to what extent associations with greenness are attributable to air pollution exposure.

Objectives

We aimed to investigate associations between long-term exposure to air pollution and satellite-derived greenness with insulin resistance in adolescents.

Methods

A total of 837 participants of two German birth cohorts (LISAplus and GINIplus) were included in the analysis. Generalized additive models were used to determine the association of individual satellite-derived greenness defined by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), long-term air pollution exposure estimated by land-use regression (LUR) models with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in 15-year-old adolescents. Models were adjusted for study area, cohort, socioeconomic, and individual characteristics such as body mass index, physical activity, and smoking.

Results

Increases of 2 SDs in nitrogen dioxide (NO2; 8.9 ?g/m3) and particulate matter ? 10 ?m in diameter (PM10; 6.7 ?g/m3) were significantly associated with 11.4% (95% CI: 4.4, 18.9) and 11.4% (95% CI: 0.4, 23.7) higher HOMA-IR. A 2-SD increase in NDVI in a 1,000-m buffer (0.2 units) was significantly associated with a lower HOMA-IR (-7.4%; 95% CI: -13.3, -1.1). Associations tended to be stronger in adolescents who spent more time outside and in those with lower socioeconomic status. In combined models including both air pollution and greenness, only NO2 remained significantly associated with HOMA-IR, whereas effect estimates for all other exposures attenuated after adjustment for NO2.

Conclusions

NO2, often considered as a marker of traffic, was independently associated with insulin resistance. The observed association between higher greenness exposure and lower HOMA-IR in adolescents might thus be attributable mainly to the lower co-exposure to traffic-related air pollution.

Citation

Thiering E, Markevych I, Brüske I, Fuertes E, Kratzsch J, Sugiri D, Hoffmann B, von Berg A, Bauer CP, Koletzko S, Berdel D, Heinrich J. 2016. Associations of residential long-term air pollution exposures and satellite-derived greenness with insulin resistance in German adolescents. Environ Health Perspect 124:1291-1298;?http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1509967.

SUBMITTER: Thiering E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4977044 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Associations of Residential Long-Term Air Pollution Exposures and Satellite-Derived Greenness with Insulin Resistance in German Adolescents.

Thiering Elisabeth E Markevych Iana I Brüske Irene I Fuertes Elaine E Kratzsch Jürgen J Sugiri Dorothea D Hoffmann Barbara B von Berg Andrea A Bauer Carl-Peter CP Koletzko Sibylle S Berdel Dietrich D Heinrich Joachim J

Environmental health perspectives 20160205 8

<h4>Background</h4>Epidemiological studies have identified associations between air pollution and green space access with type 2 diabetes in adults. However, it remains unclear to what extent associations with greenness are attributable to air pollution exposure.<h4>Objectives</h4>We aimed to investigate associations between long-term exposure to air pollution and satellite-derived greenness with insulin resistance in adolescents.<h4>Methods</h4>A total of 837 participants of two German birth co ...[more]

PMID: 26863688

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Project description:BackgroundDue to the complex interplay among different urban-related exposures, a comprehensive approach is advisable to estimate the health effects. We simultaneously assessed the effect of "green", "grey" and air pollution exposure on respiratory/allergic conditions and general symptoms in schoolchildren.MethodsThis study involved 219 schoolchildren (8-10?years) of the Municipality of Palermo, Italy. Data were collected through questionnaires self-administered by parents and children. Exposures to greenness and greyness at the home addresses were measured using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), residential surrounding greyness (RSG) and the CORINE land-cover classes (CLC). RSG was defined as the percentage of buffer covered by either industrial, commercial and transport units, or dump and construction sites, or urban fabric related features. Two specific categories of CLC, namely "discontinuous urban fabric - DUF" - and "continuous urban fabric - CUF" - areas were found. Exposure to traffic-related nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was assessed using a Land-Use Regression model. A symptom score ranging from 0 to 22 was built by summing affirmative answers to twenty-two questions on symptoms. To avoid multicollinearity, multiple Logistic and Poisson ridge regression models were applied to assess the relationships between environmental factors and self-reported symptoms.ResultsA very low exposure to NDVI ?0.15 (1st quartile) had a higher odds of nasal symptoms (OR?=?1.47, 95% CI [1.07-2.03]). Children living in CUF areas had higher odds of ocular symptoms (OR?=?1.49, 95% CI [1.10-2.03]) and general symptoms (OR?=?1.18, 95% CI [1.00-1.48]) than children living in DUF areas. Children living in proximity (?200?m) to High Traffic Roads (HTRs) had increased odds of ocular (OR?=?1.68, 95% CI [1.31-2.17]) and nasal symptoms (OR?=?1.49, 95% CI [1.12-1.98]). A very high exposure to NO2 ??60??g/m3 (4th quartile) was associated with a higher odds of general symptoms (OR?=?1.28, 95% CI [1.10-1.48]). No associations were found with RGS. A Poisson ridge regression model on the symptom score showed that children living in proximity to HTRs (?200?m) had a higher symptoms score (RR?=?1.09, 95% CI [1.02-1.17]) than children living >?200?m from HTRs. Children living in CUF areas had a higher symptoms score (RR?=?1.11, 95% CI [1.03-1.19]) than children living in DUF areas.ConclusionsMultiple exposures related to greenness, greyness (measured by CORINE) and air pollution within the urban environment are associated with respiratory/allergic and general symptoms in schoolchildren. No associations were found when considering the individual exposure to greyness measured using the RSG indicator.

Project description:Few epidemiologic studies have evaluated the effects of air pollution on the risk of Parkinson disease (PD).We investigated the associations of long-term residential concentrations of ambient particulate matter (PM) < 10 ?m in diameter (PM10) and < 2.5 ?m in diameter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in relation to PD risk.Our nested case-control analysis included 1,556 self-reported physician-diagnosed PD cases identified between 1995 and 2006 and 3,313 controls frequency-matched on age, sex, and race. We geocoded home addresses reported in 1995-1996 and estimated the average ambient concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 using a national fine-scale geostatistical model incorporating roadway information and other geographic covariates. Air pollutant exposures were analyzed as both quintiles and continuous variables, adjusting for matching variables and potential confounders.We observed no statistically significant overall association between PM or NO2 exposures and PD risk. However, in preplanned subgroup analyses, a higher risk of PD was associated with higher exposure to PM10 (ORQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.45; p-trend = 0.02) among women, and with higher exposure to PM2.5 (ORQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.29; 95% CI: 0.94, 1.76; p-trend = 0.04) among never smokers. In post hoc analyses among female never smokers, both PM2.5 (ORQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.01, 3.17; p-trend = 0.05) and PM10 (ORQ5 vs. Q1 = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.29, 4.26; p-trend = 0.01) showed positive associations with PD risk. Analyses based on continuous exposure variables generally showed similar but nonsignificant associations.Overall, we found limited evidence for an association between exposures to ambient PM10, PM2.5, or NO2 and PD risk. The suggestive evidence that exposures to PM2.5 and PM10 may increase PD risk among female never smokers warrants further investigation. Citation: Liu R, Young MT, Chen JC, Kaufman JD, Chen H. 2016. Ambient air pollution exposures and risk of Parkinson disease. Environ Health Perspect 124:1759-1765;?http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP135.

Project description:BackgroundSurrounding green, air pollution, and noise have been associated with cardiometabolic diseases, but most studies have assessed only one of these correlated exposures.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate associations of combined exposures to green, air pollution, and road traffic noise with cardiometabolic diseases.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we studied associations between self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes, hypertension, heart attack, and stroke from a Dutch national health survey of 387,195 adults and residential surrounding green, annual average air pollutant concentrations [including particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]), PM with aerodynamic diameter [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]), nitrogen dioxide ([Formula: see text]), and oxidative potential (OP) with the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay ([Formula: see text])] and road traffic noise. Logistic regression models were used to analyze confounding and interaction of surrounding green, air pollution, and noise exposure.ResultsIn single-exposure models, surrounding green was inversely associated with diabetes, while air pollutants ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) and road traffic noise were positively associated with diabetes. In two-exposure analyses, associations with green and air pollution were attenuated but remained. The association between road traffic noise and diabetes was reduced to unity when adjusted for surrounding green or air pollution. Air pollution and surrounding green, but not road traffic noise, were associated with hypertension in single-exposure models. The weak inverse association of surrounding green with hypertension attenuated and lost significance when adjusted for air pollution. Only [Formula: see text] was associated with stroke and heart attack.ConclusionsStudies including only one of the correlated exposures surrounding green, air pollution, and road traffic noise may overestimate the association of diabetes and hypertension attributed to the studied exposure. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3857.

Project description:BackgroundStudies of effects of air pollution on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have not been consistent, and there has been little investigation of effects of exposure preceding pregnancy. In previous studies, the temporal relationship between exposure and GDM onset has been difficult to establish.MethodsData were obtained for 239,574 pregnancies between 1999 and 2009 in a population-based health care system with comprehensive electronic medical records. Concentrations of ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM) ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and ≤10 μm (PM10), and ozone (O3) during preconception and the first trimester of pregnancy at the residential birth address were estimated from regulatory air monitoring stations. Odds ratios (ORs) of GDM diagnosed in the second and third trimesters in association with pollutant exposure were estimated using generalized estimating equation models adjusted for birth year, medical center service areas, maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, census-tract household income, and parity.ResultsIn single-pollutant models, preconception NO2 was associated with increased risk of GDM (OR = 1.10 per 10.4 ppb, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07, 1.13). First trimester NO2 was weakly associated with GDM, and this was not statistically significant (OR = 1.02 per 10.4 ppb, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.05). Preconception NO2 associations were robust in multi-pollutant models adjusted for first trimester NO2 with another co-pollutant from both exposure windows. In single-pollutant models, preconception PM2.5 and PM10 associations were associated with increased risk of GDM (OR = 1.04 per 6.5 μg/m3, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.06; OR = 1.03 per 16.1 μg/m3, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.06, respectively), but these effect estimates were not robust to adjustment for other pollutants. In single-pollutant models, preconception and first trimester O3 were associated with reduced risk of GDM (OR = 0.94 per 15.7 ppb, 95% CI: 0.92, 0.95; OR = 0.95 per 15.7 ppb, 95% CI: 0.94, 0.97), associations that were robust to adjustment for co-pollutants.ConclusionsMaternal exposure to NO2 during the preconception trimester may increase risk of GDM.

Dataset Information

Associations of Residential Long-Term Air Pollution Exposures and Satellite-Derived Greenness with Insulin Resistance in German Adolescents.

Background

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Citation

Publications

Associations of Residential Long-Term Air Pollution Exposures and Satellite-Derived Greenness with Insulin Resistance in German Adolescents.

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