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Murine iPSC-Derived Macrophages as a Tool for Disease Modeling of Hereditary Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis due to Csf2rb Deficiency.

ABSTRACT: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent an innovative source for the standardized in vitro generation of macrophages (Mφ). We here describe a robust and efficient protocol to obtain mature and functional Mφ from healthy as well as disease-specific murine iPSCs. With regard to morphology, surface phenotype, and function, our iPSC-derived Mφ (iPSC-Mφ) closely resemble their counterparts generated in vitro from bone marrow cells. Moreover, when we investigated the feasibility of our differentiation system to serve as a model for rare congenital diseases associated with Mφ malfunction, we were able to faithfully recapitulate the pathognomonic defects in GM-CSF signaling and Mφ function present in hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (herPAP). Thus, our studies may help to overcome the limitations placed on research into certain rare disease entities by the lack of an adequate supply of disease-specific primary cells, and may aid the development of novel therapeutic approaches for herPAP patients.

SUBMITTER: Mucci A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4982988 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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iPSC-Derived Macrophages Effectively Treat Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis in Csf2rb-Deficient Mice.

Project description:Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived hematopoietic cells represent a highly attractive source for cell and gene therapy. Given the longevity, plasticity, and self-renewal potential of distinct macrophage subpopulations, iPSC-derived macrophages (iPSC-M?) appear of particular interest in this context. We here evaluated the airway residence, plasticity, and therapeutic efficacy of iPSC-M? in a murine model of hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (herPAP). We demonstrate that single pulmonary macrophage transplantation (PMT) of 2.5-4 × 106 iPSC-M? yields efficient airway residence with conversion of iPSC-M? to an alveolar macrophage (AM?) phenotype characterized by a distinct surface marker and gene expression profile within 2 months. Moreover, PMT significantly improves alveolar protein deposition and other critical herPAP disease parameters. Thus, our data indicate iPSC-M? as a source of functional macrophages displaying substantial plasticity and therapeutic potential that upon pulmonary transplantation will integrate into the lung microenvironment, adopt an AM? phenotype and gene expression pattern, and profoundly ameliorate pulmonary disease phenotypes.

| S-EPMC6135208 | biostudies-literature

iPSC-derived macrophages effectively treat pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in Csf2rb-deficient mice

Project description:The key aim of this experiment is to characterize the iPSC-Mφ population before and after pulmonary transplantation. For this purpose the following cell populations were compared: (i) transplanted iPSC-Mφ, (ii) Mφ obtained by in vitro differentiation of murine lineage-negative bone marrow cells (BM-Mφ), (iii) non-differentiated CD45.1 iPSC, (iv) murine alveolar Mφ (AMφ) isolated from the BALF of healthy control mice, and (v) iPSC-Mφ recovered from the transplanted animals two months after (PMT-Mφ).

2018-07-10 | E-MTAB-6442 | biostudies-arrayexpress

TALEN-mediated functional correction of human iPSC-derived macrophages in context of hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.

Project description:Hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (herPAP) constitutes a rare, life threatening lung disease characterized by the inability of alveolar macrophages to clear the alveolar airspaces from surfactant phospholipids. On a molecular level, the disorder is defined by a defect in the CSF2RA gene coding for the GM-CSF receptor alpha-chain (CD116). As therapeutic options are limited, we currently pursue a cell and gene therapy approach aiming for the intrapulmonary transplantation of gene-corrected macrophages derived from herPAP-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (herPAP-iPSC) employing transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs). Targeted insertion of a codon-optimized CSF2RA-cDNA driven by the hybrid cytomegalovirus (CMV) early enhancer/chicken beta actin (CAG) promoter into the AAVS1 locus resulted in robust expression of the CSF2RA gene in gene-edited herPAP-iPSCs as well as thereof derived macrophages. These macrophages displayed typical morphology, surface phenotype, phagocytic and secretory activity, as well as functional CSF2RA expression verified by STAT5 phosphorylation and GM-CSF uptake studies. Thus, our study provides a proof-of-concept, that TALEN-mediated integration of the CSF2RA gene into the AAVS1 safe harbor locus in patient-specific iPSCs represents an efficient strategy to generate functionally corrected monocytes/macrophages, which in the future may serve as a source for an autologous cell-based gene therapy for the treatment of herPAP.

| S-EPMC5680188 | biostudies-other

Hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: pathogenesis, presentation, diagnosis, and therapy.

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| S-EPMC3001266 | biostudies-literature

Alveolar proteinosis due to toxic inhalation at workplace.

Project description:We report a clinical case of a 39-year old male, without any known previous medical condition but with occupational exposure to paints and dust cement, who presented an autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) triggered by exposure to toxic inhalation at his workplace. PAP is a rare lung disease characterized by intra-alveolar abnormal accumulation of surfactant. The presence of a crazy-paving pattern in high-resolution computed tomography scan brings the suspicion of PAP although histopathology results of bronchoalveolar lavage are always required for its final diagnosis. The autoimmune form of PAP due to toxic inhalation, such as the one here described, is rare and it is usually difficult to establish a causal relationship.

| S-EPMC7449138 | biostudies-literature

Elderly-onset hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and its cytokine profile.

Project description:Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung disease characterized by surfactant accumulation, and is caused by disruption of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) signaling. Abnormalities in CSF2 receptor alpha (CSF2RA) were reported to cause pediatric hereditary PAP. We report here the first case of CSF2RA-mutated, elderly-onset hereditary (h) PAP.The patient developed dyspnea on exertion, and was diagnosed with PAP at the age of 77 years, based on findings from chest computed tomography scan and bronchoalveolar lavage. She tested negative for GM-CSF autoantibodies, with no underlying disease. Her serum GM-CSF level was elevated (91.3 pg/mL), indicating GM-CSF signaling impairment and genetic defects in the GM-CSF receptor. GM-CSF-stimulated phosphorylation in signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) was not observed, and GM-CSF-R? expression was defective in her blood cells. Genetic screening revealed a homozygous, single-base C?>?T mutation at nt 508-a nonsense mutation that yields a stop codon (Q170X)-in exon 7 of CSF2RA. High-resolution analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism array confirmed a 22.8-Mb loss of heterozygosity region in Xp22.33p22.11, encompassing the CSF2RA gene. She was successfully treated with whole lung lavage (WLL), which reduced the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5, and IL-17, although IL-3 and M-CSF levels remained high.This is the first known report of elderly-onset hPAP associated with a CSF2RA mutation, which caused defective GM-CSF-R? expression and impaired signaling. The analyses of serum cytokine levels during WLL suggested that GM-CSF signaling might be compensated by other signaling pathways, leading to elderly-onset PAP.

| S-EPMC5316164 | biostudies-literature

Inflammatory responses induce an identity crisis of alveolar macrophages, leading to pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.

Project description:Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a severe respiratory disease characterized by dyspnea caused by accumulation of surfactant protein. Dysfunction of alveolar macrophages (AMs), which regulate the homeostasis of surfactant protein, leads to the development of PAP; for example, in mice lacking BTB and CNC homology 2 (Bach2). However, how Bach2 helps prevent PAP is unknown, and the cell-specific effects of Bach2 are undefined. Using mice lacking Bach2 in specific cell types, we found that the PAP phenotype of Bach2-deficient mice is due to Bach2 deficiency in more than two types of immune cells. Depletion of hyperactivated T cells in Bach2-deficient mice restored normal function of AMs and ameliorated PAP. We also found that, in Bach2-deficient mice, hyperactivated T cells induced gene expression patterns that are specific to other tissue-resident macrophages and dendritic cells. Moreover, Bach2-deficient AMs exhibited a reduction in cell cycle progression. IFN-? released from T cells induced Bach2 expression in AMs, in which Bach2 then bound to regulatory regions of inflammation-associated genes in myeloid cells. Of note, in AMs, Bach2 restricted aberrant responses to excessive T cell-induced inflammation, whereas, in T cells, Bach2 puts a brake on T cell activation. Moreover, Bach2 stimulated the expression of multiple histone genes in AMs, suggesting a role of Bach2 in proper histone expression. We conclude that Bach2 is critical for the maintenance of AM identity and self-renewal in inflammatory environments. Treatments targeting T cells may offer new therapeutic strategies for managing secondary PAP.

| S-EPMC5672035 | biostudies-literature

The parallel lives of alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.

Project description:In 1963, five cases of alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency were reported in the scientific literature, as well as an attempt to treat pulmonary alveolar proteinosis by a massive washing of the lung (whole lung lavage). Now, fifty years later, it seems the ideal moment not only to commemorate these publications, but also to point out the influence both papers had in the following decades and how knowledge on these two fascinating rare respiratory disorders progressed over the years. This paper is therefore not aimed at being a comprehensive review for both disorders, but rather at comparing the evolution of alpha1-antitrypsin, a rare disorder, with that of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, an ultra-rare disease. We wanted to emphasize how all stakeholders might contribute to the dissemination of the awareness of rare diseases, that need to be chaperoned from the ghetto of neglected disorders to the dignity of recognizable and treatable disorders.

| S-EPMC3849781 | biostudies-literature

GATA2 deficiency in children and adults with severe pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and hematologic disorders.

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| S-EPMC4542098 | biostudies-literature

ALVEOLAR PROTEINOSIS (A Case Report).

Project description:A case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis diagnosed by open lung biopsy is being reported and relevant literature is discussed.

| S-EPMC5529721 | biostudies-other

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