Peripheral Insulin Doesn't Alter Appetite of Broiler Chicks.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Liu L
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5003990 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Sep
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Peripheral Insulin Doesn't Alter Appetite of Broiler Chicks.
Liu Lei L Xu Shaohua S Wang Xiaojuan X Jiao Hongchao H Lin Hai H
Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences. 20160105 9
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of peripheral insulin treatment on appetite in chicks. Six-d-age chicks with ad libitum feeding or fasting for 3 h before injection received a subcutaneous injection of 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, or 20 IU of insulin or vehicle (saline). The results showed peripheral insulin treatment (1 to 20 IU) did not alter significantly the feed intake in chicks under either ad libitum feeding or fasting conditions within 4 h (p>0.05). Compared with the control, pla ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:The 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key part of a kinase-signaling cascade that acts to maintain energy homeostasis. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the possible effects of fasting and refeeding on the gene expression of hypothalamic AMPK, some appetitive regulating peptides and lipid metabolism related enzymes. Seven-day-old male broiler (Arbor Acres) chicks were allocated into three equal treatments: fed ad libitum (control); fasted for 24 h; fasted for 24 h and then refed for 24 h. Compared with the control, the hypothalamic gene expression of AMPKα2, AMPKβ1, AMPKβ2, AMPKγ1, Ste20-related adaptor protein β (STRADβ), mouse protein 25α (MO25α) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) were increased after fasting for 24 h. No significant difference among treatments was observed in mRNA levels of AMPKα1, AMPKγ2, LKB1 and neuropeptide Y (NPY). However, the expression of MO25β, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), ghrelin, fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACCα), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were significantly decreased. The present results indicated that 24 h fasting altered gene expression of AMPK subunits, appetite regulation peptides and lipometabolism related factors in chick's hypothalamus; the hypothalamic FAS signaling pathway might be involved in the AMPK regulated energy homeostasis and/or appetite regulation in poultry.
| S-EPMC4092945 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Maternal intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) has been associated with reduced adiposity in children, suggesting the possibility to program adipose development through dietary fatty acids before birth. This study determined if enriching the maternal diet in fish oil, the primary source of EPA and DHA, affected adipose development in offspring. Broiler chickens were used because they are obesity-prone, and because fatty acids provided to the embryo can be manipulated through the hen diet. Hens were fed diets supplemented (2.8% wt:wt) with corn oil (CO; n-6) or fish oil (FO; n-3) for 28 d. Chicks from both maternal diet groups were fed the same diet after hatch. Maternal FO consumption enriched chick adipose tissue in EPA and DHA and reduced adiposity by promoting more, but smaller, adipocytes. This adipocyte profile was paralleled by upregulated expression of the adipogenic regulator PPARG and its co-activator PPARGC1B, and reduced expression of LPL. Proteomics identified 95 differentially abundant proteins between FO and CO adipose tissue, including components of glucose metabolism, lipid droplet trafficking, and cytoskeletal organization. These results demonstrate that the maternal dietary fatty acid profile programs offspring adipose development.
| S-EPMC5640664 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The objective of this study was to identify the phosphorylation events associated with host immunity with the inclusion of chestnut tannins (ChT) in the diet. A total of 200 male day-of-hatch Cobb 500 chicks were randomly assigned to two treatment groups, totaling 50 chicks per pen per experiment (this study was repeated two times). The treatments were as follows: (1) control feed-normal starter feed (n = 50), and (2) 1% ChT inclusion feed (n = 50). The ceca were collected on each necropsy day for analysis via (1) a peptide array to provide tissue immunometabolism information from the host, and (2) quantitative PCR for mRNA expression. Of the top three immune pathways, the data identified the T-cell receptor signaling pathway, the chemokine signaling pathway, and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. The results showed significantly altered phosphorylation of JAK and STAT peptides within the JAK-STAT pathway. These results support the mRNA expression data with the upregulated IL-6 response, due to the significant phosphorylation of IL6ST, JAK, and STAT peptides. In regard to immune modulation, ChT appear to influence host immunity via an IL-6 mediated response which could be beneficial in host defenses against pathogens at the early stages of broiler growth and development. Therefore, it is suggested that the role of the JAK-STAT pathway is altered by including ChT in the diet.
| S-EPMC7911350 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The successional changes in the early intestinal microbiota occur concomitantly with the development, expansion, and education of the mucosal immune system. Although great attention of researchers has been focused on understanding the linkage between microbiota and immune functions, many essential details of the symbiotic relationship between the intestinal pioneer microbiota and the avian immune system remain to be discovered. This study was conducted to understand the impact of different early life intestinal colonizers on innate and adaptive immune processes in chicks and further identify immune-associated proteins expressed in the intestinal tissue. To accomplish it, we performed an in ovo application of two apathogenic Enterobacteriaceae isolates and lactic acid bacteria (L) to determine their influences on the intestinal proteome profile of broilers at the day of hatch (DOH) and at 10 days old. The results indicated that there were predicted biological functions of L-treated chicks associated with the activation and balanced function of the innate and adaptive immune systems. At the same time, the Enterobacteriaceae-exposed birds presented dysregulated immunological mechanisms or downregulated processes related to immune development. Those findings suggested that a proper immune function was dependent on specific gut microbiota exposure, in which the prenatal probiotic application may have favored the fitting programming of immune functions in chicks.
| S-EPMC8554228 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Lysine is the second most limiting amino acid after methionine and is considered the most limiting amino acid for growth in poultry. Lysine requirement for broiler chickens has changed over the years. Leptin and adiponectin represent 2 adipokines that mediate metabolism by eliciting satiety effects whereas ghrelin peptide hormone influences appetite. We hypothesize that this affects growth performance of chicks. This study evaluates the effect of varying dietary lysine homeostasis on performance of broiler chickens through satiety- and appetite-mediating hormones. In 3 replications, 270 one-day-old chicks were reared for 8 wk feeding on diets comprising 0.85, 1.14, and 1.42% lysine during the starter period and 0.75, 1.00, and 1.25% lysine during the grower period. These concentrations of lysine represent 75% (low lysine), 100% (control), and 125% (high lysine) of National Research Council recommendation for broiler chickens. Feed and water were provided for ad libitum consumption. At 8 wk of age, liver, pancreas, brain, and hypothalamus tissues were collected from 18 birds randomly selected from each treatment, snap frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at -80°C until use. Total RNA was extracted, and cDNA was synthesized for quantitative real-time PCR assays. Low lysine concentration caused slow growth and high mortality. There was significant upregulation of ghrelin in the hypothalamus and pancreas, and leptin and adiponectin in the hypothalamus and liver, and downregulation of ghrelin in the intestines. At low lysine concentrations, adiponectin was not expressed in both pancreas and intestines. High lysine concentration exhibited increased growth, upregulation of ghrelin in the liver, and downregulation of ghrelin in the intestines, and both adiponectin and leptin in the liver. The expression of ghrelin was negatively correlated with the expression of adiponectin and leptin (P < 0.05) in the liver, hypothalamus, and pancreas. Expression of leptin was positively correlated with adiponectin in the hypothalamus and liver (P < 0.05), exhibiting satiety effects when the concentrations of lysine were low.
| S-EPMC7587822 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Whey is a highly nutritious byproduct of the cheese industry that can be used effectively in the animal feed industry. However, the use of whey in poultry diets is limited by its high lactose and mineral contents. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of whey in poultry diets on the performance, intestinal microbiota and physico-chemical parameters of the intestinal ecosystem, as well as on the bone morphology and its strength in broiler chicks. One hundred and twenty-eight, day-old, male broiler chicks were randomly allocated into four treatment groups of 32 chicks each. The treatment groups were: group A, which served as negative control and groups B, C and D, supplemented with 1, 2 and 5% of dietary whey, respectively. Performance of the groups was evaluated throughout the experiment. Following necropsies, the gastrointestinal tract from each bird was removed, divided into its anatomical parts and intestinal samples were taken for microbiological analysis and for pH and viscosity measurement as well. Tibiotarsus was also collected for morphometric analysis and strength evaluation. The statistical analysis of the experimental data revealed that the dietary supplementation of 1 and 2% of whey improved significantly (p ? 0.05) the body weight, while the addition of 5% of whey reduced significantly (p ? 0.05) the body weight. Furthermore, the addition of 1, 2 and 5% of dietary whey increased significantly (p ? 0.05) the pH of jejunum digesta and reduced significantly (p ? 0.05) the pH of caecum digesta compared to the control group. The addition of 1 and 2% of whey reduced significantly (p ? 0.05) the viscosity in the jejunum and ileum digesta, compared to the addition of 5% of whey which reduced significantly (p ? 0.05) the viscosity in jejunum digesta but increased significantly (p ? 0.05) the viscosity in ileum digesta. Moreover, the addition of 1, 2 and 5% of dietary whey increased significantly (p ? 0.05) the caecal counts of Lactobacillus spp. and Lactococcus lactis, while the addition of 5% of whey reduced significantly (p ? 0.05) the tibiotarsus length. It can be concluded that the addition of low quantities of whey up to 2% promoted the performance and gut health of birds, while the addition of higher quantities of whey at the level of 5% had a detrimental effect on the performance and tibiotarsus length.
| S-EPMC7278671 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Goblet cells secrete mucin 2 (Muc2), which is a major component of the mucus that lines the intestinal tract and creates a protective barrier between pathogens and the intestinal epithelial cells and thus are important for chick health. The objectives of this study were to determine the age-specific and intestinal segment-specific expression of Muc2 mRNA and changes in the number of goblet cells from late embryogenesis to early after hatch. Small intestinal samples from the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were collected from Cobb 500 broilers at embryonic day 19 (e19), day of hatch (doh), and day 2 and 4 after hatch. Cells expressing Muc2 mRNA and mucin glycoprotein were detected by in situ hybridization or alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff staining, respectively. Along the villi, there were many more cells expressing Muc2 mRNA than those stained for mucin glycoprotein. In the crypt, cells expressing Muc2 mRNA did not stain for mucin glycoprotein. There was an increase in the density of goblet cells in the villi and Muc2 mRNA expressing cells in the crypts of the jejunum and ileum from e19 to doh and day 2 to day 4, with no change between doh and day 2. In contrast, in the duodenum, the density of goblet cells in the villi and Muc2 mRNA expressing cells in the crypts remained constant from e19 to day 4. At day 4, the villi in the ileum had a greater density of goblet cells than the duodenum. In the crypt, the ileum had a greater density of Muc2 mRNA expressing cells than the duodenum at doh, and the ileum and jejunum both had greater densities of Muc2 mRNA expressing cells than the duodenum at day 4. These results indicate that the population of goblet cells has reached a steady state by doh in the duodenum, whereas in the jejunum and ileum, a steady-state population was not reached until after hatch.
| S-EPMC7597461 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Despite restrictions on the use of antibiotics in poultry, the percentage of multidrug resistant bacteria, isolated from both adult birds and chicks, remains high. These bacteria can spread between countries via hatching eggs or chicks. Antibiotic resistant bacteria can also pose a threat to hatchery and farm workers or to consumers of poultry. The aim of the study was to perform a phenotypic and genotypic analysis of the drug resistance of E. faecalis isolates from yolk sac infections in broiler chicks from Poland and the Netherlands and to determine their genetic diversity. The tests revealed resistance to antibiotics from category D, that is, tetracycline (69.7%); category C - lincomycin (98.7%), erythromycin (51.3%), aminoglycosides (high-level streptomycin and kanamycin resistance - 10.5% and 3.95%, respectively), and chloramphenicol (7.9%); and category B - ciprofloxacin (25% with resistance or intermediate resistance). No resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, high-level gentamicin, tigecycline, or linezolid was noted. Various combinations of the erm(B), tet(M), tet(L), tet(O), ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, ant(4')-Ia, cat, and msr(A/B) genes were detected in all isolates (irrespective of the drug-resistance phenotype). Among isolates that carried the tet(M) and/or the tet(L) gene, 28% also had the Int-Tn gene, in contrast with isolates possessing tet(O). There were 28 sequence types and 43 PFGE restriction patterns. About 60% of isolates were of sequences types ST59, ST16, ST116, ST282, ST36, and ST82. Nine new sequence types were shown (ST836-ST844). In conclusion, broiler chicks can be a source of drug-resistant sequence types of E. faecalis that are potentially hazardous for people and animals. Restrictive programs for antibiotic use in broiler breeding flocks should be developed to decrease drug resistance in day-old chicks and reduce economic losses during rearing.
| S-EPMC8554262 | biostudies-literature
Project description:(1) Background: Under practical conditions, newly hatched chicks were usually withheld feed and water for 48 to 72 h. It was shown that early feeding after hatch promoted gastrointestinal development of broiler chicks. However, the mechanism of early feeding affecting intestinal development in chicks needs further research. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of first feed administration on intestinal morphology, barrier function, and plasma hormones in broilers during the initial 168 h posthatch. (2) Methods: A total of 720 one-day-old chicks (newborn chick, Lingnan Yellow) were placed 2 h after hatch and randomly assigned to three treatments: Group A (feed immediately after placement), Group B (fasting for 24 h after placement), and Group C (fasting for 48 h after placement). The trial lasted for 168 h and water ad libitum all the time. Sampling was performed at 0, 24, 48, 72, 120, and 168 h. (3) Results: Higher (p < 0.05) absolute weight and relative weight of the small intestine were observed in Group A. Moreover, the villus height, crypt depth, and ratio of the jejunum and ileum were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in Groups A and B than those in Group C. Microvilli of the duodenum were closely packed in Group A but sparse and disorganized in Groups B and C. The expression levels of mRNA and protein of tight junction genes (occludin and claudin-1) were upregulated (p < 0.05) in Group A. The levels of gastrin and insulin in plasma were decreased (p < 0.05) significantly in the Groups B and C. However, chicks in Groups B and C had higher (p < 0.05) plasma glucagon levels at 24 and 48 h after placement. (4) Conclusions: These results suggested that early feeding posthatch had a positive effect on small intestinal growth increasing weight and improving intestinal morphology and barrier function.
| S-EPMC7552185 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Antibiotics continue to be used as growth promoters in the poultry industry. Honeybee (Apis melifera) venom (HBV) possesses a number of beneficial biological activities, particularly for regulating the immune system. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunoprophylactic effects of HBV against Salmonella Gallinarum in broiler chicks as an initial step towards developing eco-friendly alternatives to reduce antibiotic use. HBV was administered using a spray technique. HBV improved body weight gain, particularly in the presence of infection. Moreover, HBV enhanced antibody production activity against formalin-killed S. Gallinarum. The CD4(+):CD8(+) T lymphocyte ratio, relative mRNA expression levels of interleukin-18 and interferon-γ, and serum lysozyme activity also increased following HBV administration before the infection period as well as during infection. HBV reinforced bacterial clearance and increased survivability against S. Gallinarum. Corresponding pathological analyses demonstrated that the HBV-sprayed group displayed mild and less severe abnormal changes compared with those in the control group. It was presumed that the prophylactic effects of HBV against S. Gallinarum were associated with its non-specific immune response stimulating activity. Thus, HBV may provide an alternative to reduce antibiotic use in the poultry industry.
| S-EPMC3942925 | biostudies-literature