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Estrogen deficiency in ovariectomized rats: can resistance training re-establish angiogenesis in visceral adipose tissue?

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training on angiogenesis markers of visceral adipose tissue in ovariectomized rats.Adult Sprague-Dawley female rats were divided into four groups (n=6 per group): sham-sedentary, ovariectomized sedentary, sham-resistance training and ovariectomized resistance training. The rats were allowed to climb a 1.1-m vertical ladder with weights attached to their tails and the weights were progressively increased. Sessions were performed three times per week for 10 weeks. Visceral adipose tissue angiogenesis and morphology were analyzed by histology. VEGF-A mRNA and protein levels were analyzed by real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively.Ovariectomy resulted in higher body mass (p=0.0003), adipocyte hypertrophy (p=0.0003), decreased VEGF-A mRNA (p=0.0004) and protein levels (p=0.0009), and decreased micro-vascular density (p=0.0181) in the visceral adipose tissue of the rats. Resistance training for 10 weeks was not able to attenuate the reduced angiogenesis in the visceral adipose tissue of the ovariectomized rats.Our findings indicate that the resistance training program used in this study could not ameliorate low angiogenesis in the visceral adipose tissue of ovariectomized rats.

SUBMITTER: do Valle Gomes-Gatto C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5004578 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Estrogen deficiency in ovariectomized rats: can resistance training re-establish angiogenesis in visceral adipose tissue?

do Valle Gomes-Gatto Camila C Duarte Fernanda Oliveira FO Stotzer Uliana Sbeguen US Rodrigues Maria Fernanda Cury MF de Andrade Perez Sérgio Eduardo SE Selistre-de-Araujo Heloisa Sobreiro HS

Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 20160901 9

<h4>Objective</h4>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training on angiogenesis markers of visceral adipose tissue in ovariectomized rats.<h4>Method</h4>Adult Sprague-Dawley female rats were divided into four groups (n=6 per group): sham-sedentary, ovariectomized sedentary, sham-resistance training and ovariectomized resistance training. The rats were allowed to climb a 1.1-m vertical ladder with weights attached to their tails and the weights were progressively ...[more]

PMID: 27652835

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Project description:Bone marrow adipose tissue has brown fat characteristics. Several studies have demonstrated that total flavonoids of Epimedium (TFE) could prevent bone loss and reduce the white adiposity in bone marrow induced by ovariectomy (OVX) in rats. However, the effects of TFE on marrow brown fat in OVX rats remain unclear. In this word, we addressed this question expected to provide a new target for preventing and treating osteoporosis. Thirty-six 3-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into Sham controls, OVX controls, and OVX treated with TFE. Chemical shift coding magnetic resonance was performed to detect marrow fat fraction at the left femur at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks post-OVX. Bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and femur was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Serum bone biomarkers by ELISA, trabecular bone microarchitecture at the proximal tibia by micro-CT, quantitative parameters of marrow adipocyte by hematoxylin, and eosin staining were evaluated. The marrow adipocyte gene and protein expressions profile were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and immunostaining in whole tibiae. We found that TFE treatment could decrease bone turnover rate and improved bone mineral density and trabecular microarchitecture in OVX rats. OVX resulted in marrow adipogenesis as evidenced by increased marrow fat fraction, larger marrow adipocyte size, increased adipocyte number and percentage of adipocyte area, marrow white adipocyte gene, and protein expression, including PPARγ2 and FABP4. These pathological changes induced by estrogen deficiency were restored by TFE treatment. TFE also increased brown adipocyte expressions of the transcription factor Ucp1 and Prdm16 in whole tibiae. There was no detectible protein expression of brown adipocyte markers in the proximal tibia. Taken together, TFE regulation of bone marrow adiposity in OVX rats is mediated, at least in part, via maintaining the reciprocity of white and brown adipose tissue.

Project description:Estradiol (E2) robustly activates transcription of a broad array of genes in the hippocampal formation of middle-aged ovariectomized rats via estrogen receptors (ER?, ER?, and G protein-coupled ER). Selective ER? agonists also influence hippocampal functions, although their downstream molecular targets and mechanisms are not known. In this study, we explored the effects of long-term treatment with ER? agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN, 0.05 mg/kg/day, sc.) on the hippocampal transcriptome in ovariectomized, middle-aged (13 month) rats. Isolated hippocampal formations were analyzed by Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarray and quantitative real-time PCR. Four hundred ninety-seven genes fulfilled the absolute fold change higher than 2 (FC > 2) selection criterion. Among them 370 genes were activated. Pathway analysis identified terms including glutamatergic and cholinergic synapse, RNA transport, endocytosis, thyroid hormone signaling, RNA degradation, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, and mRNA surveillance. PCR studies showed transcriptional regulation of 58 genes encoding growth factors (Igf2, Igfb2, Igf1r, Fgf1, Mdk, Ntf3, Bdnf), transcription factors (Otx2, Msx1), potassium channels (Kcne2), neuropeptides (Cck, Pdyn), peptide receptors (Crhr2, Oprm1, Gnrhr, Galr2, Sstr1, Sstr3), neurotransmitter receptors (Htr1a, Htr2c, Htr2a, Gria2, Gria3, Grm5, Gabra1, Chrm5, Adrb1), and vesicular neurotransmitter transporters (Slc32a1, Slc17a7). Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed networking of clusters associated with the regulation of growth/troph factor signaling, transcription, translation, neurotransmitter and neurohormone signaling mechanisms and potassium channels. Collectively, the results reveal the contribution of ER?-mediated processes to the regulation of transcription, translation, neurogenesis, neuromodulation, and neuroprotection in the hippocampal formation of ovariectomized, middle-aged rats and elucidate regulatory channels responsible for DPN-altered functional patterns. These findings support the notion that selective activation of ER? may be a viable approach for treating the neural symptoms of E2 deficiency in menopause.

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Estrogen deficiency in ovariectomized rats: can resistance training re-establish angiogenesis in visceral adipose tissue?

Publications

Estrogen deficiency in ovariectomized rats: can resistance training re-establish angiogenesis in visceral adipose tissue?

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