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RHAMM splice variants confer radiosensitivity in human breast cancer cell lines.

ABSTRACT: Biomarkers for prognosis in radiotherapy-treated breast cancer patients are urgently needed and important to stratify patients for adjuvant therapies. Recently, a role of the receptor of hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM) has been suggested for tumor progression. Our aim was (i) to investigate the prognostic value of RHAMM in breast cancer and (ii) to unravel its potential function in the radiosusceptibility of breast cancer cells. We demonstrate that RHAMM mRNA expression in breast cancer biopsies is inversely correlated with tumor grade and overall survival. Radiosusceptibility in vitro was evaluated by sub-G1 analysis (apoptosis) and determination of the proliferation rate. The potential role of RHAMM was addressed by short interfering RNAs against RHAMM and its splice variants. High expression of RHAMMv1/v2 in p53 wild type cells (MCF-7) induced cellular apoptosis in response to ionizing radiation. In comparison, in p53 mutated cells (MDA-MB-231) RHAMMv1/v2 was expressed sparsely resulting in resistance towards irradiation induced apoptosis. Proliferation capacity was not altered by ionizing radiation in both cell lines. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of the major ligand of RHAMM, hyaluronan, sensitized both cell lines towards radiation induced cell death. Based on the present data, we conclude that the detection of RHAMM splice variants in correlation with the p53 mutation status could help to predict the susceptibility of breast cancer cells to radiotherapy. Additionally, our studies raise the possibility that the response to radiotherapy in selected cohorts may be improved by pharmaceutical strategies against RHAMM and its ligand hyaluronan.

SUBMITTER: Schutze A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5008296 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:This study was conducted as a part of the Chromosome-Centric Human Proteome Project (C-HPP) of the Human Proteome Organization. The United States team of C-HPP is focused on characterizing the protein-coding genes in chromosome 17. Despite its small size, chromosome 17 is rich in protein-coding genes; it contains many cancer-associated genes, including BRCA1, ERBB2, (Her2/neu), and TP53. The goal of this study was to examine the splice variants expressed in three ERBB2 expressed breast cancer cell-line models of hormone-receptor-negative breast cancers by integrating RNA-Seq and proteomic mass spectrometry data. The cell lines represent distinct phenotypic variations subtype: SKBR3 (ERBB2+ (overexpression)/ER-/PR-; adenocarcinoma), SUM190 (ERBB2+ (overexpression)/ER-/PR-; inflammatory breast cancer), and SUM149 (ERBB2 (low expression) ER-/PR-; inflammatory breast cancer). We identified more than one splice variant for 1167 genes expressed in at least one of the three cancer cell lines. We found multiple variants of genes that are in the signaling pathways downstream of ERBB2 along with variants specific to one cancer cell line compared with the other two cancer cell lines and with normal mammary cells. The overall transcript profiles based on read counts indicated more similarities between SKBR3 and SUM190. The top-ranking Gene Ontology and BioCarta pathways for the cell-line specific variants pointed to distinct key mechanisms including: amino sugar metabolism, caspase activity, and endocytosis in SKBR3; different aspects of metabolism, especially of lipids in SUM190; cell-to-cell adhesion, integrin, and ERK1/ERK2 signaling; and translational control in SUM149. The analyses indicated an enrichment in the electron transport chain processes in the ERBB2 overexpressed cell line models and an association of nucleotide binding, RNA splicing, and translation processes with the IBC models, SUM190 and SUM149. Detailed experimental studies on the distinct variants identified from each of these three breast cancer cell line models that may open opportunities for drug target discovery and help unveil their specific roles in cancer progression and metastasis.

Project description:A functional genetic screen to identify genes causing tamoxifen resistance in an estrogen-dependent human breast cancer cell model was performed. By insertion of defective retrovirus into the genome, individual genetic changes were introduced at random in ZR-75-1 cells. Subsequently, infected cells were selected for their ability to proliferate while being exposed to tamoxifen, and from these cultures stable cell lines were established. The retrovirus insertion sites were mapped enabling the identification of several candidate breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance (BCAR) genes. By cDNA transfection of estrogen-dependent cells resulting in their transformation into a tamoxifen-resistant phenotype, proof was provided for the causative role of BCAR genes.A functional genetic screen to identify genes causing tamoxifen resistance in an estrogen-dependent human breast cancer cell model was performed. By insertion of defective retrovirus into the genome, individual genetic changes were introduced at random in ZR-75-1 cells. Subsequently, infected cells were selected for their ability to proliferate while being exposed to tamoxifen, and from these cultures stable cell lines were established. The retrovirus insertion sites were mapped enabling the identification of several candidate breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance (BCAR) genes identified. By cDNA transfection of estrogen-dependent cells resulting in their transformation into a tamoxifen-resistant phenotype, proof was provided for the causative role of BCAR genes (Van Agthoven et al, Breast Cancer Res Treat DOI:10.1007/s10549-008-9969-5, 2008). To elucidate the mechanisms how these individual BCAR genes induce cell proliferation in growth-arrested ZR-75-1 cells, we assessed the gene expression patterns between the different groups of cell lines. Keywords: Expression profiling, reference design RNA was isolated from two independent cultures of 69 tamoxifen-resistant cell lines. Detailed information regarding these cell lines with respect to the viral integration sites, was described previously (Van Agthoven et al, Breast Cancer Res Treat DOI:10.1007/s10549-008-9969-5, 2008). Each sample was hybridized in duplicate/triplicate and once in a dye-swap. The mixture of cell lines used as a reference was detailed previously (Jansen et al, J Clin Oncol 23, 732, 2005).

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RHAMM splice variants confer radiosensitivity in human breast cancer cell lines.

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