Dataset Information

Plasma Leptin Levels and Risk of Incident Cancer: Results from the Dallas Heart Study.

ABSTRACT: PURPOSE:Leptin dysregulation has been postulated to affect cancer risk through its effects on obesity and inflammation. Epidemiological data evaluating this relationship are conflicting and studies in non-white cohorts is lacking. Therefore, we examined the association of leptin with the risk of incident cancer in the multiethnic Dallas Heart Study (DHS). METHODS:Participants enrolled in the DHS without prevalent cancer and with baseline leptin measurements were included. Incident cancer cases were identified through a systematic linkage of the DHS and the Texas Cancer Registry. Leptin was evaluated both as a continuous variable and in sex-specific quartiles. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling was performed to examine the association between leptin levels with incident cancer after adjusting for age, sex, race, smoking status, alcohol use, family history of malignancy, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus and C-reactive protein. RESULTS:Among 2,919 participants (median age 44 years; 54% women; 70% nonwhite; median BMI 29.4 kg/m2), 190 (6.5%) developed cancer after median follow- up of 12 years. Median leptin levels were 12.9 (interquartile range [IQR] 5.8-29.5) ng/ml in the incident cancer group vs. 12.3 (IQR 5.4-26.4) ng/ml those without an incident cancer (p = 0.34). Leptin was not associated with cancer incidence in multivariable analysis (unit standard deviation increase in log-transformed leptin, hazard ratio 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.77-1.16; p = 0.60). No association was observed in analyses stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, diabetes, or obesity status. CONCLUSIONS:In this study of a predominantly minority population, no association between premorbid leptin levels and cancer incidence was demonstrated. Despite preclinical rationale and positive findings in other studies, this association may not replicate across all racial/ethnic populations.

SUBMITTER: Gupta A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5026337 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Plasma Leptin Levels and Risk of Incident Cancer: Results from the Dallas Heart Study.

Gupta Arjun A Herman Yehuda Y Ayers Colby C Beg Muhammad S MS Lakoski Susan G SG Abdullah Shuaib M SM Johnson David H DH Neeland Ian J IJ

PloS one 20160916 9

<h4>Purpose</h4>Leptin dysregulation has been postulated to affect cancer risk through its effects on obesity and inflammation. Epidemiological data evaluating this relationship are conflicting and studies in non-white cohorts is lacking. Therefore, we examined the association of leptin with the risk of incident cancer in the multiethnic Dallas Heart Study (DHS).<h4>Methods</h4>Participants enrolled in the DHS without prevalent cancer and with baseline leptin measurements were included. Incident ...[more]

PMID: 27636369

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Project description:ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess whether N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels differ according to race/ethnicity.BackgroundNatriuretic peptides (NP) are hormones with natriuretic, diuretic, and vasodilatory effects. Experimental NP deficiency promotes salt-sensitive hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy, conditions that are more common among black individuals.MethodsWe examined plasma NT-proBNP levels according to race/ethnicity in 3,148 individuals (51% black, 31% white, 18% Hispanic) free of prevalent cardiovascular disease in the Dallas Heart Study. NT-proBNP values in the bottom sex-specific quartile were defined as low. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were performed adjusting for clinical covariates and magnetic resonance imaging measurements of cardiac structure and function.ResultsHypertension was present in 41%, 25%, and 16% of black, white, and Hispanic individuals, respectively. Unadjusted NT-proBNP levels were lowest in black (median: 24 pg/ml; interquartile range [IQR]: 10 to 52 pg/ml) as compared with Hispanic (30 pg/ml; IQR: 14 to 59 pg/ml) and white individuals (32 pg/ml; IQR: 16 to 62 pg/ml), p < 0.0001. In multivariable-adjusted models, black individuals still had significantly lower NT-proBNP levels (-39% [95% confidence interval: -46% to -31%]; p < 0.0001) and greater odds of having low NT-proBNP (odds ratio: 2.46 [95% confidence interval: 1.86 to 3.26]), compared with white individuals. In contrast, NT-proBNP levels did not significantly differ between Hispanic and white individuals (p = 0.28). The finding of lower NT-proBNP levels in black individuals was similar when analyses were restricted to healthy participants without cardiovascular risk factors.ConclusionsIn this multiethnic cohort, NT-proBNP levels differ substantially according to race/ethnicity. Despite a higher prevalence of hypertension, black individuals had significantly lower NP levels than white and Hispanic individuals. A relative NP "deficiency" among black individuals may lead to greater susceptibility to salt retention and hypertension.

Project description:ContextThe adipokine leptin facilitates long-term potentiation and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, promotes beta-amyloid clearance, and improves memory function in animal models of aging and Alzheimer disease (AD).ObjectiveTo relate baseline circulating leptin concentrations in a community-based sample of individuals without dementia to incident dementia and AD during follow-up and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of brain aging in survivors.Design, setting, and participantsProspective study of plasma leptin concentrations measured in 785 persons without dementia (mean [SD] age, 79 [5] years; 62% female), who were in the Framingham original cohort at the 22nd examination cycle (1990-1994). A subsample of 198 dementia-free survivors underwent volumetric brain MRI between 1999 and 2005, approximately 7.7 years after leptin was assayed. Two measures of brain aging, total cerebral brain volume and temporal horn volume (which is inversely related to hippocampal volume) were assessed.Main outcome measureIncidence of dementia and AD during follow-up until December 31, 2007.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 8.3 years (range, 0-15.5 years), 111 participants developed incident dementia; 89 had AD. Higher leptin levels were associated with a lower risk of incident dementia and AD in multivariable models (hazard ratio per 1-SD increment in log leptin was 0.68 [95% confidence interval, 0.54-0.87] for all-cause dementia and 0.60 [95% confidence interval, 0.46-0.79] for AD). This corresponds to an absolute AD risk over a 12-year follow-up of 25% for persons in the lowest quartile (first quartile) vs 6% for persons in the fourth quartile of sex-specific leptin levels. In addition, a 1-SD elevation in plasma leptin level was associated with higher total cerebral brain volume and lower temporal horn volume, although the association of leptin level with temporal horn volume did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionCirculating leptin was associated with a reduced incidence of dementia and AD and with cerebral brain volume in asymptomatic older adults.

Dataset Information

Plasma Leptin Levels and Risk of Incident Cancer: Results from the Dallas Heart Study.

Publications

Plasma Leptin Levels and Risk of Incident Cancer: Results from the Dallas Heart Study.

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