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Three-Dimensional Study of Alzheimer's Disease Hallmarks Using the iDISCO Clearing Method.

ABSTRACT: Amyloidosis is a major problem in over one hundred diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using the iDISCO visualization method involving targeted molecular labeling, tissue clearing, and light-sheet microscopy, we studied plaque formation in the intact AD mouse brain at up to 27 months of age. We visualized amyloid plaques in 3D together with tau, microglia, and vasculature. Volume imaging coupled to automated detection and mapping enables precise and fast quantification of plaques within the entire intact mouse brain. The present methodology is also applicable to analysis of frozen human brain samples without specialized preservation. Remarkably, amyloid plaques in human brain tissues showed greater 3D complexity and surprisingly large three-dimensional amyloid patterns, or TAPs. The ability to visualize amyloid in 3D, especially in the context of their micro-environment, and the discovery of large TAPs may have important scientific and medical implications.

SUBMITTER: Liebmann T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5040352 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Three-Dimensional Study of Alzheimer's Disease Hallmarks Using the iDISCO Clearing Method.

Liebmann Thomas T Renier Nicolas N Bettayeb Karima K Greengard Paul P Tessier-Lavigne Marc M Flajolet Marc M

Cell reports 20160714 4

Amyloidosis is a major problem in over one hundred diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using the iDISCO visualization method involving targeted molecular labeling, tissue clearing, and light-sheet microscopy, we studied plaque formation in the intact AD mouse brain at up to 27 months of age. We visualized amyloid plaques in 3D together with tau, microglia, and vasculature. Volume imaging coupled to automated detection and mapping enables precise and fast quantification of plaques withi ...[more]

PMID: 27425620

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Project description:Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, characterized by two pathological hallmarks: amyloid-? plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease posits that the excessive accumulation of amyloid-? peptide leads to neurofibrillary tangles composed of aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau. However, to date, no single disease model has serially linked these two pathological events using human neuronal cells. Mouse models with familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) mutations exhibit amyloid-?-induced synaptic and memory deficits but they do not fully recapitulate other key pathological events of Alzheimer's disease, including distinct neurofibrillary tangle pathology. Human neurons derived from Alzheimer's disease patients have shown elevated levels of toxic amyloid-? species and phosphorylated tau but did not demonstrate amyloid-? plaques or neurofibrillary tangles. Here we report that FAD mutations in ?-amyloid precursor protein and presenilin 1 are able to induce robust extracellular deposition of amyloid-?, including amyloid-? plaques, in a human neural stem-cell-derived three-dimensional (3D) culture system. More importantly, the 3D-differentiated neuronal cells expressing FAD mutations exhibited high levels of detergent-resistant, silver-positive aggregates of phosphorylated tau in the soma and neurites, as well as filamentous tau, as detected by immunoelectron microscopy. Inhibition of amyloid-? generation with ?- or ?-secretase inhibitors not only decreased amyloid-? pathology, but also attenuated tauopathy. We also found that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) regulated amyloid-?-mediated tau phosphorylation. We have successfully recapitulated amyloid-? and tau pathology in a single 3D human neural cell culture system. Our unique strategy for recapitulating Alzheimer's disease pathology in a 3D neural cell culture model should also serve to facilitate the development of more precise human neural cell models of other neurodegenerative disorders.

Dataset Information

Three-Dimensional Study of Alzheimer's Disease Hallmarks Using the iDISCO Clearing Method.

Publications

Three-Dimensional Study of Alzheimer's Disease Hallmarks Using the iDISCO Clearing Method.

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