Dataset Information

A Chemomechanical Model for Nuclear Morphology and Stresses during Cell Transendothelial Migration.

ABSTRACT: It is now evident that the cell nucleus undergoes dramatic shape changes during important cellular processes such as cell transmigration through extracellular matrix and endothelium. Recent experimental data suggest that during cell transmigration the deformability of the nucleus could be a limiting factor, and the morphological and structural alterations that the nucleus encounters can perturb genomic organization that in turn influences cellular behavior. Despite its importance, a biophysical model that connects the experimentally observed nuclear morphological changes to the underlying biophysical factors during transmigration through small constrictions is still lacking. Here, we developed a universal chemomechanical model that describes nuclear strains and shapes and predicts thresholds for the rupture of the nuclear envelope and for nuclear plastic deformation during transmigration through small constrictions. The model includes actin contraction and cytosolic back pressure that squeeze the nucleus through constrictions and overcome the mechanical resistance from deformation of the nucleus and the constrictions. The nucleus is treated as an elastic shell encompassing a poroelastic material representing the nuclear envelope and inner nucleoplasm, respectively. Tuning the chemomechanical parameters of different components such as cell contractility and nuclear and matrix stiffnesses, our model predicts the lower bounds of constriction size for successful transmigration. Furthermore, treating the chromatin as a plastic material, our model faithfully reproduced the experimentally observed irreversible nuclear deformations after transmigration in lamin-A/C-deficient cells, whereas the wild-type cells show much less plastic deformation. Along with making testable predictions, which are in accord with our experiments and existing literature, our work provides a realistic framework to assess the biophysical modulators of nuclear deformation during cell transmigration.

SUBMITTER: Cao X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5052451 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

A Chemomechanical Model for Nuclear Morphology and Stresses during Cell Transendothelial Migration.

Cao Xuan X Moeendarbary Emad E Isermann Philipp P Davidson Patricia M PM Wang Xiao X Chen Michelle B MB Burkart Anya K AK Lammerding Jan J Kamm Roger D RD Shenoy Vivek B VB

Biophysical journal 20161001 7

It is now evident that the cell nucleus undergoes dramatic shape changes during important cellular processes such as cell transmigration through extracellular matrix and endothelium. Recent experimental data suggest that during cell transmigration the deformability of the nucleus could be a limiting factor, and the morphological and structural alterations that the nucleus encounters can perturb genomic organization that in turn influences cellular behavior. Despite its importance, a biophysical ...[more]

PMID: 27705776

Similar Datasets

Project description:Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) influences T cell migration into and out of secondary lymphoid organs; however, its mechanism of action remains uncertain. Our previous research shows that agonism of the S1P receptor S1P1 inhibits the egress of T lymphocytes from the peripheral tissues into afferent lymphatics. To better define the mechanism of inhibition, we developed an in vitro model to characterize T cell transendothelial migration across lymphatics. Two commercially available endothelial cell lines (MS-1 and SVEC4-10) were characterized by flow cytometry, real time RT-PCR, and Affymetrix Gene Array. These cell lines were grown to confluent monolayers in transwell systems, on either the upper or lower surface of the transwell insert. T cells were isolated from the spleens of (C57BL/6 x C3H/HeJ)F1, S1P1 KO, or S1P1 KO littermate controls, and either treated with the S1P receptor modulator FTY720 or left untreated. Cells were migrated to chemokines (CCL19 or CCL21) for 4 hours, and migration quantified. Flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and array results identified MS-1 as a blood vascular endothelial cell line, expressing high levels of CD31, CD34, and ICAM-1 as well as other endothelial cell markers; while SVEC4-10 closely resemble a lymphatic phenotype, expressing LYVE-1, VEGFR-3, and podoplanin. T cells efficiently migrate across MS-1, whether grown on the upper or lower surface; whereas migration across SVEC4-10 only occurs when cells are grown on the lower surface of the transwell (iSVEC), recapitulating basal (abluminal) to apical (luminal) migration that occurs in vivo. FTY720 inhibits T cell migration across iSVEC, but not across MS-1. Inhibition is due to drug effects only on T cells but not endothelial cells. S1P1 KO T cells treated with FTY720 are not inhibited in their migration across the iSVEC line, showing that S1P1 stimulation is required for migration inhibition. The in vitro model developed here is the first to use endothelial cell lines to analyze the regulation of T cell migration across lymphatic endothelium. The results show there is directional control of T cell migration across lymphatic cells, such that T cells only migrate from a basal to apical direction. Agonism of S1P1 specifically inhibits migration, while absence of the receptor does not. These findings have important implications for the use of S1P1 agonists in transplantation, as inhibition of cell entry into afferent lymphatics and lymph nodes could impede the development of graft rejection. We used microarrays to detail the global gene expression of these two cell lines in order to beter determine their phenotype as blood vascular or lymphatic endothelial cell line for use in our newly-developed in vitro model. Experiment Overall Design: MS-1 or SVEC4-10 endothelial cell lines were grown in culture flasks for 3-5 days in standard culture medium (see protocol below) until reaching confluence. Cells were then gently dissociated from flask and cells were placed in Trizol reagent for RNA isolation.

Dataset Information

A Chemomechanical Model for Nuclear Morphology and Stresses during Cell Transendothelial Migration.

Publications

A Chemomechanical Model for Nuclear Morphology and Stresses during Cell Transendothelial Migration.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure