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Prolonged Mechanical Circumferential Stretch Induces Metabolic Changes in Rat Inferior Vena Cava.

ABSTRACT: Circumferential stretch on the vein wall has been suggested as a potential etiological factor in the development of varicose veins. However, the influence of vein wall stretch on vein metabolism has not yet been explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of short and prolonged mechanical stretch on vein wall metabolism.Circular segments of inferior vena cava from male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to normal 0.5-g (nonstretched) or high 2-g (stretched) tension for short (4 h) or prolonged (18 h) duration (five vein segments per group). Contraction response to phenylephrine (10-5 M) and KCl (96 mM) was elicited to observe the effect of circumferential stretch on vein function. The polar and organic metabolites in vein tissue were extracted using a bilayer extraction method. Aqueous and organic extracts were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, respectively. Data acquired from both analytical platforms were analyzed using mathematical modeling.Increased concentrations of valine (p = .02) and choline (p = .03) metabolites and triglyceride moieties (p = .03) were observed in veins stretched for 18 h compared with the nonstretched/18 h group.Increased concentrations of branched chain amino acid valine and cell membrane constituent choline indicate increased muscle breakdown and increased metabolism of membrane phospholipids under stretch in an ex-vivo model. Increased intensities of triglyceride moieties in stretched vein segments for 18 h suggest that high pressure may induce an inflammatory response.This study has shown that prolonged mechanical circumferential stretch (18 h) alters the metabolic profile of rat inferior vena cava.

SUBMITTER: Anwar MA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5056838 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Prolonged Mechanical Circumferential Stretch Induces Metabolic Changes in Rat Inferior Vena Cava.

Anwar M A MA Vorkas P A PA Li J J Adesina-Georgiadis K N KN Reslan O M OM Raffetto J D JD Want E J EJ Khalil R A RA Holmes E E Davies A H AH

European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery 20160811 4

<h4>Objective/background</h4>Circumferential stretch on the vein wall has been suggested as a potential etiological factor in the development of varicose veins. However, the influence of vein wall stretch on vein metabolism has not yet been explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of short and prolonged mechanical stretch on vein wall metabolism.<h4>Methods</h4>Circular segments of inferior vena cava from male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to normal 0.5-g (nonstretched) o ...[more]

PMID: 27523725

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Project description:Introduction Kidney and liver cysts in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) can compress the inferior vena cava (IVC), but IVC compression prevalence and its risk factors are unknown. Methods Patients who have ADPKD (n = 216) with abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies and age-/sex-matched controls (n = 216) were evaluated for IVC compression as well as azygous vein diameter (a marker of collateral blood flow) and IVC aspect ratio (left-to-right dimension divided by anterior-to-posterior dimension with a value of 1 corresponding to a circular (high pressure) IVC caudal to compression. Results Severe IVC compression (?70%) was observed in 33 (15%) ADPKD subjects and mild compression (?50% to <70%) was observed in 33 (15%) subjects; whereas controls had no IVC compression (P < 0.001). Severe IVC compression was associated with larger azygous vein (4.0 ± 1.3 mm versus 2.3 ± 0.8 mm without IVC compression; P < 0.001) and a more circular IVC cross-section upstream (mean IVC aspect ratio: 1.16 ± 0.27 vs. 1.69 ± 0.67, P < 0.001), suggesting higher pressure upstream from the compression. IVC compression was associated with older age, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), greater height-adjusted total kidney volumes, greater height-adjusted liver volume (ht-LV), and greater liver and renal cyst fractions (P < 0.001). No subject younger than 30 years had IVC compression, but ADPKD subjects ?40 years old had 12-fold higher risk of IVC compression (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.2–42.4), with highest predicted probability for Mayo Clinic classes 1D (59%; 95% CI: 39%–76%) and 1E (74%; 95% CI: 49%–90%) after adjustment (P < 0.001). Women with ht-LV ? 2000 ml/m had 83% (95% CI: 59%–95%) prevalence of IVC compression. Complications of IVC compression included deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and symptomatic hypotension. Conclusions IVC compression is common in ADPKD patients >40 years old, with Mayo Clinic class 1D/E, and in females with ht-LV > 2000 ml/m. Graphical abstract

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Prolonged Mechanical Circumferential Stretch Induces Metabolic Changes in Rat Inferior Vena Cava.

Publications

Prolonged Mechanical Circumferential Stretch Induces Metabolic Changes in Rat Inferior Vena Cava.

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