Dataset Information

Plasmodium falciparum Drug-Resistant Haplotypes and Population Structure in Postearthquake Haiti, 2010.

ABSTRACT: Chloroquine (CQ) remains the first-line treatment of malaria in Haiti. Given the challenges of conducting in vivo drug efficacy trials in low-endemic settings like Haiti, molecular surveillance for drug resistance markers is a reasonable approach for detecting resistant parasites. In this study, 349 blood spots were collected from suspected malaria cases in areas in and around Port-au-Prince from March to July 2010. Among them, 121 samples that were Plasmodium falciparum positive by polymerase chain reaction were genotyped for drug-resistant pfcrt, pfdhfr, pfdhps, and pfmdr1 alleles. Among the 108 samples that were successfully sequenced for CQ resistant markers in pfcrt, 107 were wild type (CVMNK), whereas one sample carried a CQ-resistant allele (CVIET). Neutral microsatellite genotyping revealed that the CQ-resistant isolate was distinct from all other samples in this study. Furthermore, the remaining parasite specimens appeared to be genetically distinct from other reported Central and South American populations.

SUBMITTER: Morton LC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5062779 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Plasmodium falciparum Drug-Resistant Haplotypes and Population Structure in Postearthquake Haiti, 2010.

Morton Lindsay Carol LC Huber Curtis C Okoth Sheila Akinyi SA Griffing Sean S Lucchi Naomi N Ljolje Dragan D Boncy Jacques J Oscar Roland R Townes David D McMorrow Meredith M Chang Michelle A MA Udhayakumar Venkatachalam V Barnwell John W JW

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 20160718 4

Chloroquine (CQ) remains the first-line treatment of malaria in Haiti. Given the challenges of conducting in vivo drug efficacy trials in low-endemic settings like Haiti, molecular surveillance for drug resistance markers is a reasonable approach for detecting resistant parasites. In this study, 349 blood spots were collected from suspected malaria cases in areas in and around Port-au-Prince from March to July 2010. Among them, 121 samples that were Plasmodium falciparum positive by polymerase c ...[more]

PMID: 27430541

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Project description:BackgroundDespite evident success of malaria control in many sites in the Arabian Peninsula, malaria remains endemic in a few spots, in Yemen and south-west of Saudi Arabia. In addition to local transmission, imported malaria sustains an extra source of parasites that can challenge the strengths of local control strategies. This study examined the genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum in Yemen and mutations of drug resistant genes, to elucidate parasite structure and distribution of drug resistance genotypes in the region.MethodsFive polymorphic loci (MSP-2, Pfg377 and three microsatellites on chromosome 8) not involved in anti-malarial drug resistance, and four drug resistant genes (pfcrt, pfmdr1, dhfr and dhps) were genotyped in 108 P. falciparum isolates collected in three sites in Yemen: Dhamar, Hodeidah and Taiz.ResultsHigh diversity was seen in non-drug genes, pfg377 (He?=?0.66), msp-2 (He?=?0.80) and three microsatellites on chr 8, 7.7 kb (He?=?0.88), 4.3 kb (He?=?0.77) and 0.8 kb (He?=?0.71). There was a high level of mixed-genotype infections (57%), with an average 1.8 genotypes per patient. No linkage disequilibrium was seen between drug resistant genes and the non-drug markers (p?<?0.05). Genetic differentiation between populations was low (most pair-wise FST values <0.03), indicating extensive gene flow between the parasites in the three sites.ConclusionThe high diversity of P. falciparum in Yemen is indicative of a large parasite reservoir, which represents a challenge to control efforts. The presence of two distinct pfcrt genotype, CVIET and SVMNT, suggests that chloroquine resistance can possibly be related to a migratory path from Africa and Asia. The absence of the triple mutant dhfr genotype (IRN) and dhps mutations supports the use of artesunate?+?sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine as first-line therapy. However, the prevalent pfmdr1 genotype NFSND [21%] has previously been associated with tolerance/resistance response to artemisinin combination therapy (ACT). Regular surveys are, therefore, important to monitor spread of pfmdr1 and dhfr mutations and response to ACT.

Dataset Information

Plasmodium falciparum Drug-Resistant Haplotypes and Population Structure in Postearthquake Haiti, 2010.

Publications

Plasmodium falciparum Drug-Resistant Haplotypes and Population Structure in Postearthquake Haiti, 2010.

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