Dataset Information

Transcript profiling in the liver of early-lactating dairy cows fed conjugated linoleic acid.

ABSTRACT: In the present study, transcript profiling was carried out in liver biopsies from high-yielding dairy cows at week 5 of lactation in order to identify genes and pathways regulated by feeding rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) during the transition period. Analysis of a bovine whole genome microarray revealed a total number of 130 annotated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the liver between cows of the CLA group and the control group (filter: P < 0.05 and fold change (FC) ? 1.3 or ?- 1.3). The number of DEGs in the liver being up-regulated was markedly higher than that being down-regulated (86 vs. 44). Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the most enriched biological processes and molecular functions assigned to the 86 up-regulated genes were S-methyltransferase activity, ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis, homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity, methionine biosynthetic process and spliceosome assembly, while the most enriched biological processes and molecular functions assigned to the 44 down-regulated genes were exopeptidase activity, cytokinesis after mitosis, cytokinesis during cell cycle, protein serine/threonine kinase activity and cytokinesis. The microarray dataset from this study has been deposited in NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus under the accession number GSE87391.

SUBMITTER: Ringseis R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5066187 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Transcript profiling in the liver of early-lactating dairy cows fed conjugated linoleic acid.

Ringseis Robert R Windisch Wilhelm W Eder Klaus K

Genomics data 20161011

In the present study, transcript profiling was carried out in liver biopsies from high-yielding dairy cows at week 5 of lactation in order to identify genes and pathways regulated by feeding rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) during the transition period. Analysis of a bovine whole genome microarray revealed a total number of 130 annotated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the liver between cows of the CLA group and the control group (filter: P < 0.05 and fold change (FC) ≥ 1. ...[more]

PMID: 27766206

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Project description:BackgroundIt was recently reported that dairy cows fed a polyphenol-rich grape seed and grape marc meal extract (GSGME) during the transition period had an increased milk yield, but the underlying reasons remained unclear. As polyphenols exert a broad spectrum of metabolic effects, we hypothesized that feeding of GSGME influences metabolic pathways in the liver which could account for the positive effects of GSGME in dairy cows. In order to identify these pathways, we performed genome-wide transcript profiling in the liver and lipid profiling in plasma of dairy cows fed GSGME during the transition period at 1 week postpartum.ResultsTranscriptomic analysis of the liver revealed 207 differentially expressed transcripts, from which 156 were up- and 51 were down-regulated, between cows fed GSGME and control cows. Gene set enrichment analysis of the 155 up-regulated mRNAs showed that the most enriched gene ontology (GO) biological process terms were dealing with cell cycle regulation and the most enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were p53 signaling and cell cycle. Functional analysis of the 43 down-regulated mRNAs revealed that a great part of these genes are involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) and inflammatory processes. Accordingly, protein folding, response to unfolded protein, unfolded protein binding, chemokine activity and heat shock protein binding were identified as one of the most enriched GO biological process and molecular function terms assigned to the down-regulated genes. In line with the transcriptomics data the plasma concentrations of the acute phase proteins serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin were reduced in cows fed GSGME compared to control cows. Lipidomic analysis of plasma revealed no differences in the concentrations of individual species of major and minor lipid classes between cows fed GSGME and control cows.ConclusionsAnalysis of hepatic transcript profile in cows fed GSGME during the transition period at 1 week postpartum indicates that polyphenol-rich feed components are able to inhibit ER stress-induced UPR and inflammatory processes, both of which are considered to contribute to liver-associated diseases and to impair milk performance in dairy cows, in the liver of dairy cows during early lactation.

Project description:In dairy cows, administration of high dosages of niacin (NA) was found to cause anti-lipolytic effects, which are mediated by the NA receptor hydroxyl-carboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCAR2) in white adipose tissue (WAT), and thereby to an altered hepatic lipid metabolism. However, almost no attention has been paid to possible direct effects of NA in cattle liver, despite showing that HCAR2 is expressed also in the liver of cattle and is even more abundant than in WAT. Due to this, we hypothesized that feeding of rumen-protected NA to dairy cows influences critical metabolic and/or signaling pathways in the liver through inducing changes in the hepatic transcriptome. In order to identify these pathways, we applied genome-wide transcript profiling in liver biopsies obtained at 1 wk postpartum (p.p.) from dairy cows of a recent study (Zeitz et al., 2018) which were fed a total mixed ration without (control group) or with rumen-protected NA from 21 d before calving until 3 wk p.p. Hepatic transcript profiling revealed that a total of 487 transcripts were differentially expressed [filter criteria fold change (FC) > 1.2 or FC < -1.2 and P < 0.05] in the liver at 1 wk p.p. between cows fed NA and control cows. Substantially more transcripts were down-regulated (n = 338), while only 149 transcripts were up-regulated by NA in the liver of cows. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) for the up-regulated transcripts revealed that the most enriched gene ontology (GO) biological process terms were exclusively related to immune processes, such as leukocyte differentiation, immune system process, leukocyte differentiation, activation of immune response and acute inflammatory response. In line with this, the plasma concentration of the acute phase protein haptoglobin tended to be increased in dairy cows fed rumen-protected NA compared to control cows (P < 0.1). GSEA of the down-regulated transcripts showed that the most enriched biological process terms were related to metabolic processes, such as cellular metabolic process, small molecule metabolic process, lipid catabolic process, organic cyclic compound metabolic process, small molecule biosynthetic process and cellular lipid catabolic process. In conclusion, hepatic transcriptome analysis shows that rumen-protected NA induces genes which are involved mainly in immune processes including acute phase response and stress response in dairy cows at wk 1 p.p. These findings indicate that supplementation of rumen-protected NA to dairy cows in the periparturient period may induce or amplify the systemic inflammation-like condition which is typically observed in the liver of high-yielding dairy cows in the p.p. period.

Project description:Direct-fed microbials (DFM) are considered as a promising technique to improve animal productivity without affecting animal health or harming the environment. The potential of three bacterial DFM to reduce methane (CH4) emissions, modulate ruminal fermentation, milk production and composition of primiparous dairy cows was examined in this study. As previous reports have shown that DFM respond differently to different diets, two contrasting diets were used in this study. Eight lactating primiparous cows were randomly divided into two groups that were fed a corn silage-based, high-starch diet (HSD) or a grass silage-based, high-fiber diet (HFD). Cows in each dietary group were randomly assigned to four treatments in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The bacterial DFM used were selected for their proven CH4-reducing effect in vitro. Treatments included control (without DFM) and 3 DFM treatments: Propionibacterium freudenreichii 53-W (2.9 × 1010 colony forming units (CFU)/cow per day), Lactobacillus pentosus D31 (3.6 × 1011 CFU/cow per day) and Lactobacillus bulgaricus D1 (4.6 × 1010 CFU/cow per day). Each experimental period included 4 weeks of treatment and 1 week of wash-out, with measures performed in the fourth week of the treatment period. Enteric CH4 emissions were measured during 3 consecutive days using respiration chambers. Rumen samples were collected for ruminal fermentation parameters and quantitative microbial analyses. Milk samples were collected for composition analysis. Body weight of cows were recorded at the end of each treatment period. Irrespective of diet, no mitigating effect of DFM was observed on CH4 emissions in dairy cows. In contrast, Propionibacterium increased CH4 intensity by 27% (g CH4/kg milk) in cows fed HSD. There was no effect of DFM on other fermentation parameters and on bacterial, archaeal and protozoal numbers. Similarly, the effect of DFM on milk fatty acid composition was negligible. Propionibacterium and L. pentosus DFM tended to increase body weight gain with HSD. We conclude that, contrary to the effect previously observed in vitro, bacterial DFM Propionibacterium freudenreichii 53-W, Lactobacillus pentosus D31 and Lactobacillus bulgaricus D1 did not alter ruminal fermentation and failed to reduce CH4 emissions in lactating primiparous cows fed high-starch or high-fiber diets.

Project description:As polyphenols are exerting a broad spectrum of metabolic effects, we hypothesize that feeding of GSGME might influence other metabolic pathways in the liver which could account for the positive effects of GSGME observed in cows during early lactation. In order to investigate this hypothesis, we used using a genome-wide transcript profiling technique to explore changes in the hepatic transcriptome of cows supplemented with GSGME during the transition period. Transcriptomic analysis of the liver revealed 207 differentially expressed transcripts (fold change > 1.3 or < -1.3, P < 0.05), from which 156 (155 mRNAs, 1 miRNA) were up- and 51 (43 mRNAs, 8 miRNAs) were down-regulated, between cows fed GSGME and control cows. Gene set enrichment analysis of the 155 up-regulated mRNAs showed that the most enriched gene ontology (GO) biological process terms were dealing with cell cycle regulation, such as M phase, cell cycle phase, mitotic cell phase and microtubule cytoskeleton and the most enriched KEGG database pathways were p53 signaling and cell cycle. Functional analysis of the 43 down-regulated mRNAs revealed that 13 genes (XBP1, HSPA5, HERPUD1, DNAJC5G, CALR, PDIA4, DNAJB11, PHLDA1, PPP1R3C, GADD45B, BAG3, HYOU1, MANF) are involved in ER stress-induced UPR. Moreover, several of the down-regulated mRNAs, like CXCL14 and CCL3L1L and the acute phase protein SAA4, play an important role in inflammatory processes. Accordingly, protein folding, response to unfolded protein, response to protein stimulus, unfolded protein binding, chemokine activity, chemokine receptor binding and heat shock protein binding were identified as one of the most enriched GO biological process and molecular function terms assigned to the down-regulated genes. In line with the transcriptomics data the plasma concentrations of the acute phase proteins SAA and haptoglobin were reduced in cows fed GSGME compared to control cows. Collectively, our findings from transcriptome analysis of down-regulated mRNAs and functional analysis of mRNAs targeted by the up-regulated mir-376c clearly indicate that GSGME is able to inhibit inflammatory processes and ER stress in the liver of dairy cows during early lactation. Moreover, our findings indicate that at least some of the GSGME effects on the hepatic transcriptome of dairy cows are mediated by miRNA-mRNA interactions.

Dataset Information

Transcript profiling in the liver of early-lactating dairy cows fed conjugated linoleic acid.

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Transcript profiling in the liver of early-lactating dairy cows fed conjugated linoleic acid.

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