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Bacterial direct-fed microbials fail to reduce methane emissions in primiparous lactating dairy cows.

ABSTRACT: Direct-fed microbials (DFM) are considered as a promising technique to improve animal productivity without affecting animal health or harming the environment. The potential of three bacterial DFM to reduce methane (CH₄) emissions, modulate ruminal fermentation, milk production and composition of primiparous dairy cows was examined in this study. As previous reports have shown that DFM respond differently to different diets, two contrasting diets were used in this study. Eight lactating primiparous cows were randomly divided into two groups that were fed a corn silage-based, high-starch diet (HSD) or a grass silage-based, high-fiber diet (HFD). Cows in each dietary group were randomly assigned to four treatments in a 4?×?4 Latin square design. The bacterial DFM used were selected for their proven CH₄-reducing effect in vitro. Treatments included control (without DFM) and 3 DFM treatments: Propionibacterium freudenreichii 53-W (2.9?×?10¹⁰ colony forming units (CFU)/cow per day), Lactobacillus pentosus D31 (3.6?×?10¹¹?CFU/cow per day) and Lactobacillus bulgaricus D1 (4.6?×?10¹⁰?CFU/cow per day). Each experimental period included 4?weeks of treatment and 1?week of wash-out, with measures performed in the fourth week of the treatment period. Enteric CH₄ emissions were measured during 3 consecutive days using respiration chambers. Rumen samples were collected for ruminal fermentation parameters and quantitative microbial analyses. Milk samples were collected for composition analysis. Body weight of cows were recorded at the end of each treatment period. Irrespective of diet, no mitigating effect of DFM was observed on CH₄ emissions in dairy cows. In contrast, Propionibacterium increased CH₄ intensity by 27% (g CH₄/kg milk) in cows fed HSD. There was no effect of DFM on other fermentation parameters and on bacterial, archaeal and protozoal numbers. Similarly, the effect of DFM on milk fatty acid composition was negligible. Propionibacterium and L. pentosus DFM tended to increase body weight gain with HSD. We conclude that, contrary to the effect previously observed in vitro, bacterial DFM Propionibacterium freudenreichii 53-W, Lactobacillus pentosus D31 and Lactobacillus bulgaricus D1 did not alter ruminal fermentation and failed to reduce CH₄ emissions in lactating primiparous cows fed high-starch or high-fiber diets.

SUBMITTER: Jeyanathan J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6495644 | biostudies-literature | 2019

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Bacterial direct-fed microbials fail to reduce methane emissions in primiparous lactating dairy cows.

Jeyanathan Jeyamalar J Martin Cécile C Eugène Maguy M Ferlay Anne A Popova Milka M Morgavi Diego P DP

Journal of animal science and biotechnology 20190502

Direct-fed microbials (DFM) are considered as a promising technique to improve animal productivity without affecting animal health or harming the environment. The potential of three bacterial DFM to reduce methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions, modulate ruminal fermentation, milk production and composition of primiparous dairy cows was examined in this study. As previous reports have shown that DFM respond differently to different diets, two contrasting diets were used in this study. Eight lactatin ...[more]

PMID: 31069075

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Project description:Archaeol is a cell membrane lipid of methanogenic archaea excreted in feces and is therefore a potential biomarker for individual methane emission (MEM). The aims of this study were to examine the potential of the fecal archaeol concentration (fArch) to be a proxy for MEM prediction in cows fed different diets and determine if the time of fecal collection affected the archaeol concentration. Thus, we investigated (i) the variation of the fArch concentration in spot samples of feces taken thrice within 8?h during respiration chamber measurements and (ii) the effect of two diets differing in nutrient composition and net energy content on the relationship between fArch and MEM in lactating cows. Two consecutive respiration trials with four primiparous and six multiparous lactating Holstein cows were performed. In the first trial (T1) at 100±3 ?d in milk (IM), a diet moderate in starch and fat content was fed for ad libitum intake, whereas in the second trial (T2) at 135±3 ?d IM, cows received a diet lower in starch and fat. Individual MEM (g?d -1 ) was measured for 24?h. Fecal samples were taken at 06:30, 10:00, and 14:30?LT and analyzed for fArch using Soxhlet lipid extraction and GC-MS. Cows produced less methane (364?g? CH4 ?d -1 ) during T1 and had significantly lower fArch concentrations (37.1? µ g?g -1 dry matter; DM) compared to T2 (392?g? CH4 ?d -1 and 47.6? µ g?g -1 DM). A significant positive relationship between fArch ( µ g?g -1 fecal DM) and MEM, expressed on a dry matter intake (DMI) basis (g?kg -1 DMI), was found ( R2=0.53 , n=20 ). Among samples collected over the day, those collected at 10:00?LT provided the best coefficient of determination for MEM ( R2=0.23 ). In conclusion, fArch offers some potential in serving as a proxy for innovative breeding schemes to lower enteric methane when fecal samples are taken at a certain time of the day, but more data on the sources of variation of the MEM? : ?fArch ratios are required.

Project description:BackgroundThis study investigated greenhouse gas (GHG) emission characteristics of lactating Holstein dairy cows in East China and provided a basis for formulating GHG emission reduction measures. GreenFeed system was used to measure the amount of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted by the cows through respiration. Data from a commercial cow farm were used to observe the effects of parity, body weight, milk yield, and milk component yield on CH4 and CO2 emissions.ResultsMean herd responses throughout the study were as follows: 111 cows completed all experimental processes, while 42 cows were rejected because they were sick or had not visited the GreenFeed system 20 times. On average, lactating days of cows was 138 ± 19.04 d, metabolic weight was 136.5 ± 9.5 kg, parity was 2.8 ± 1.0, dry matter intake (DMI) was 23.1 ± 2.6 kg/d, and milk yield was 38.1 ± 6.9 kg/d. The GreenFeed system revealed that CH4 production (expressed in CO2 equivalent, CO2-eq) was found to be 8304 g/d, [Formula: see text]/DMI was 359 g/kg, [Formula: see text]/energy-corrected milk (ECM) was 229.5 g/kg, total CO2 production (CH4 production plus CO2 production) was 19,201 g/d, total CO2/DMI was 831 g/kg, and total CO2/ECM was 531 g/kg. The parity and metabolic weight of cows had no significant effect on total CO2 emissions (P > 0.05). Cows with high milk yield, milk fat yield, milk protein yield, and total milk solids yield produced more total CO2 (P < 0.05), but their total CO2 production per kg of ECM was low (P < 0.05). The total CO2/ECM of the medium and high milk yield groups was 17% and 27% lower than that of the low milk yield group, respectively.ConclusionsThe parity and body condition had no effect on total CO2 emissions, while the total CO2/ECM was negatively correlated with milk yield, milk fat yield, milk protein yield, and total milk solids yield in lactating Holstein dairy cows. Measurement of total CO2 emissions of dairy cows in the Chinese production system will help establish regional or national GHG inventories and develop mitigation approaches to dairy production regimes.

Dataset Information

Bacterial direct-fed microbials fail to reduce methane emissions in primiparous lactating dairy cows.

Publications

Bacterial direct-fed microbials fail to reduce methane emissions in primiparous lactating dairy cows.

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