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Role of Early Repolarization Pattern in Increasing Risk of Death.

ABSTRACT: An early repolarization pattern (ERP) has been hypothesized to be arrhythmogenic in experimental studies, but the prognostic significance of the ERP in the general population is controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to examine the link between ERP and the risk of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), cardiac death, and death from any cause.We performed a literature search using MEDLINE (January 1, 1966 to July 31, 2015) and EMBASE (January 1, 1980 to July 31, 2015) with no restrictions. Studies that reported relative risk (RR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of interest were included. Sixteen studies involving 334 524 subjects were identified. Compared with those without ERP, subjects with ERP experienced significantly increased risk for developing SCA (RR 2.18; 95% CI 1.29-3.68), cardiac death (RR 1.48; 95% CI 1.06-2.07), and death from any cause (RR 1.21; 95% CI 1.02-1.42), respectively. The increased risk was present predominantly in Asians and whites but not in African Americans. ERP with J-point elevation in inferior leads, notching configuration, and horizontal or descending ST segment connote higher risk. ERP was associated with an absolute risk increase of 139.6 (95% CI 130.3-149.3) additional SCAs per 100 000 person-years and responsible for 7.3% (95% CI 1.9-15.2) of SCA in the general population.ERP is associated with significant increased risk for SCA, cardiac death, and death from any cause. Future studies should focus on understanding the exact mechanisms for the arrhythmia risk and developing reliable tools for risk stratification.

SUBMITTER: Cheng YJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5079012 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Role of Early Repolarization Pattern in Increasing Risk of Death.

Cheng Yun-Jiu YJ Lin Xiao-Xiong XX Ji Cheng-Cheng CC Chen Xu-Miao XM Liu Li-Juan LJ Tang Kai K Wu Su-Hua SH

Journal of the American Heart Association 20160926 9

<h4>Background</h4>An early repolarization pattern (ERP) has been hypothesized to be arrhythmogenic in experimental studies, but the prognostic significance of the ERP in the general population is controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to examine the link between ERP and the risk of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), cardiac death, and death from any cause.<h4>Methods and results</h4>We performed a literature search using MEDLINE (January 1, 1966 to July 31, 2015) and EMBASE (January 1, 1980 to J ...[more]

PMID: 27671315

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Project description:Background Early repolarization pattern (ERP) is considered a common training-related and benign ECG finding in young adult athletes. Few data exist on ERP in the pediatric athletes population. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the ERP prevalence, characteristics, and prognosis in pediatric athletes aged ≤16 years. Methods and Results Eight-hundred eighty-six consecutive pediatric athletes engaged in 17 different sports (mean age, 11.7±2.5 years; 7-16 years) were enrolled and prospectively evaluated with medical history, physical examination, resting and exercise ECGs, and transthoracic echocardiography during their preparticipation screening. Known cardiovascular diseases associated with sudden cardiac death was considered exclusion criteria. Athletes were followed up yearly for 4 years. The prevalence of ERP was 117 (13.2%), equally distributed in both sexes (P=0.072), irrespectively of body mass index and classification of sports. The most common ERP localizations were inferolateral and inferior leads (53.8% and 27.3%, respectively). Notching J-point morphology was the most prevalent (70%), and rapidly ascending ST elevation (96%) was the most common ST-segment morphology. Athletes with ERP were older (P<0.001) had lower rest and recovery heart rates (P<0.001), increased precordial and limb R-wave voltages (P<0.001), increased R/S Sokolow index (P<0.001), and longer PR interval (P=0.006) in comparison with the athletes without ERP. Neither major cardiovascular nor arrhythmic events, nor sudden cardiac death were recorded over a median follow-up of 4.2 years. One hundred seventeen (80.3%) athletes with ERP exhibited a persistent ERP. ERP localization and J-point morphology changed during follow-up in 11 (11.7%) and 17 (18%) of athletes, respectively. Conclusions ERP is common in pediatric athletes. It was mostly located in the inferolateral leads and associated with concave ascending ST segment with other training-related ECG changes. The lack of either sudden cardiac death or cardiomyopathies linked to sudden cardiac death over follow-up suggests that in pediatric athletes, ERP may be considered a benign training-related ECG phenomenon with a potential dynamic pattern.

Project description:BACKGROUND: Early repolarization pattern (ERP) on electrocardiogram was associated with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac arrest in a case-control study and with cardiovascular mortality in a Finnish community-based sample. We sought to determine ERP prevalence and its association with cardiac and all-cause mortality in a large, prospective, population-based case-cohort study (Monitoring of Cardiovascular Diseases and Conditions [MONICA]/KORA [Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg]) comprised of individuals of Central-European descent. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Electrocardiograms of 1,945 participants aged 35-74 y, representing a source population of 6,213 individuals, were analyzed applying a case-cohort design. Mean follow-up was 18.9 y. Cause of death was ascertained by the 9th revision of the International Classification of Disease (ICD-9) codes as documented in death certificates. ERP-attributable effects on mortality were determined by a weighted Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for covariables. Prevalence of ERP was 13.1% in our study. ERP was associated with cardiac and all-cause mortality, most pronounced in those of younger age and male sex; a clear ERP-age interaction was detected (p = 0.005). Age-stratified analyses showed hazard ratios (HRs) for cardiac mortality of 1.96 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-3.68, p = 0.035) for both sexes and 2.65 (95% CI 1.21-5.83, p = 0.015) for men between 35-54 y. An inferior localization of ERP further increased ERP-attributable cardiac mortality to HRs of 3.15 (95% CI 1.58-6.28, p = 0.001) for both sexes and to 4.27 (95% CI 1.90-9.61, p<0.001) for men between 35-54 y. HRs for all-cause mortality were weaker but reached significance. CONCLUSIONS: We found a high prevalence of ERP in our population-based cohort of middle-aged individuals. ERP was associated with about a 2- to 4-fold increased risk of cardiac mortality in individuals between 35 and 54 y. An inferior localization of ERP was associated with a particularly increased risk. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.

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Role of Early Repolarization Pattern in Increasing Risk of Death.

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Role of Early Repolarization Pattern in Increasing Risk of Death.

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