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Direct evidence for the semipersistent transmission of Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus by a whitefly vector.

ABSTRACT: Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) (genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae) is an emerging plant virus, and is now spreading and causing severe economic losses to cucurbit crops in many Asian countries. CCYV is believed to be transmitted specifically by the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, in a semipersistent manner. In the present study, we provide direct evidence for the semipersistent transmission of CCYV by Mediterranean (MED) cryptic species of B. tabaci complex. We investigated CCYV transmission characteristics, and immunofluorescently labeled and localized the virus retention site within the vector by laser confocal microscopy. Whiteflies required ?1?h of acquisition access period (AAP) to successfully acquire CCYV, and the proportion of RT-PCR positive whitefly individuals reached to 100% at 48?h of AAP. CCYV virons could be retained within vectors as long as 12 d, but the proportion of RT-PCR positive whiteflies dropped to 55% by 3 d. Groups of thirty whiteflies given a 24?h of inoculation access period (IAP) to inoculate CCYV on cucumber plants showed a transmission efficiency rate of 72.73%. The retention site of CCYV virons was located in the foregut of virion-fed vectors. These results definitely indicated the semipersistent transmission mode of CCYV by B. tabaci MED.

SUBMITTER: Li J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5095664 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Direct evidence for the semipersistent transmission of Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus by a whitefly vector.

Li Jingjing J Liang Xiangzhi X Wang Xueli X Shi Yan Y Gu Qinsheng Q Kuo Yen-Wen YW Falk Bryce W BW Yan Fengming F

Scientific reports 20161104

Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) (genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae) is an emerging plant virus, and is now spreading and causing severe economic losses to cucurbit crops in many Asian countries. CCYV is believed to be transmitted specifically by the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, in a semipersistent manner. In the present study, we provide direct evidence for the semipersistent transmission of CCYV by Mediterranean (MED) cryptic species of B. tabaci complex. We investigated ...[more]

PMID: 27812032

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Project description:BackgroundPlant metabolites play vital roles in regulating the behavior of herbivore insects. Virus infection can universally alter plant metabolites to manipulate the orientation and feeding behaviors of insect vector, to favor the transmission of virus. Thus, determining the differentially accumulated metabolites of plant upon virus infection could provide insights into understanding how the triple interactions among plant, virus and insect vector happens. Our previous studies have found that vector whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) showed different orientation behavior and performance on CCYV-infected and healthy cucumber plants. Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) is exclusively transmitted by B. tabaci in a semi-persistent mode. In this study, we take the CCYV, B. tabaci and cucumber as a research system to explore the functions of phyto-metabolites in the triple interactions.ResultsA total of 612 metabolites changed upon CCYV infection were monitored. Metabolites mainly enriched in flavonoids, lipids, nucleotides and their derivatives. At 7 days post CCYV inoculation (dpi), the contents of lipids, terpenoids and flavonoids remarkably decreased, while amino acids, nucleotides and their derivatives notably up-accumulated. At 15 dpi, the accumulation of flavonoids were still significantly reduced upon CCYV infection, while lipids, amino acids, nucleotides and derivatives were remarkably enhanced. Most of significantly increased metabolites were lipids (lysophosphatidylethanolamine, LPE; lysophosphatidylcholine, LPC and their isomers). Also, the number of significantly changed metabolites increased with the infection period. However, only a few organic acids and phenolic acids showed difference between CCYV-infected and healthy cucumber plants.ConclusionsCCYV infection repressed the defensive flavonoids, terpeneoids metabolism but triggered the lipids, amino acids and nucleotides metabolism with the inoculation period. This result suggests that CCYV-infection makes cucumber plants more susceptible for whiteflies attack and CCYV infection. The reduction of defensive comounds and the increase of amino acids may be partially responsible for enhancing feeding preference of whiteflies to CCYV-infected hosts. CCYV may hijacked lipid metabolism for virus replication and assembly.

Project description:Background:Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) is among the most important yellowing viruses on cucurbits in Iran. The presence of CABYV has been previously reported from the major cucurbit growing areas in Iran, however, there are few studies concerning the detection of the different strains of this virus in the grower's fields, and especially, there is no report of the weed host plants near crop fields. Objectives: This study was done in order to detect the new strains of the CABYV polerovirus in cucurbits and the weed plants in the Lorestan province, Iran, as an introductory investigation for initiating a program of the breeding for resistance. Material and Methods: During a survey carried out in 2013-2014 in Lorestan province; Iran, 189 cucurbit and 261 weed samples were investigated for the presence of CABYV using RT-PCR. In addition, the phylogeny and nucleotide similarities were discussed on the basis of the partial nucleotide sequence of RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) gene. Results: The RT-PCR carried out on leaf samples revealed the infection with the CABYV in 43 cucumber and 12 weed samples. RT-PCR using strain specific primers detected the presence of the both common (C) and recombinant (R) strains of CABYV in the tested samples. On the basis of the phylogenetic analyses, the CABYV-C isolates from Iran were clustered into two distinct sub-populations (CI and CII), such that all the weed samples with two sequenced cucumber isolates were clustered in the CI sub-population. Meanwhile, a distinct sub-population of the isolates was clustered in the CABYV-R group showed a shared sequence identity of 97% to a Taiwanese isolate (JQ700306). Conclusions: This study has indicated the incidence of CABYV-R in the Southwest Asia; Iran for the first time. We were also able to show CABYV occurrence in Sysimbrium irio and Citrullus colocynthis from this area of the world. Identification of cucurbit infecting viruses and studying their distribution and potential reservoir hosts are important for developing successful control programs for virus disease management.

Dataset Information

Direct evidence for the semipersistent transmission of Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus by a whitefly vector.

Publications

Direct evidence for the semipersistent transmission of Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus by a whitefly vector.

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