Rhodomollins A and B, two Diterpenoids with an Unprecedented Backbone from the Fruits of Rhododendron molle.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Li Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5107939 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:Twelve new grayanoids (1-12) along with five known compounds were isolated from flowers of Rhododendron molle. Their structures were fully characterized using a combination of spectroscopic analyses, computational calculations, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Rhomollone A (1) possesses an unprecedented 5/6/6/5 tetra-cyclic ring system (B-nor grayanane) incorporating a cyclopentene-1,3-dione scaffold. Rhodomollein XLIII (2) is a dimeric grayanoid, containing a novel 14-membered heterocyclic ring with a C 2 symmetry axis. The antinociceptive activities of compounds 3, 4, 6, 7, and 12-17 were evaluated by an acetic acid-induced writhing test. Among them, compounds 3, 7, 12, 15 and 16 displayed significant antinociceptive activities at a dose of 20 mg/kg with inhibition rates ranging from 41.9% to 91.6%. Compounds 6 and 13 inhibited 46.0% and 39.4% of the acetic acid-induced writhes at a dose of 2 mg/kg, while compound 17 inhibited 34.3% of the writhes at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg.
| S-EPMC7332786 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Chloroplast genome sequencing and assembly of Rhododendron molle
| PRJNA742763 | ENA
Project description:Five new eunicellin-based diterpenoids, klymollins T-X (1-5), along with two known compounds (6 and 7) have been isolated from the soft coral Klyxum molle. The structures of these new metabolites were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparison with related known compounds. Compound 5 was found to exert significant in vitro anti-inflammatory activity against LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Furthermore, compounds 4 and 7 were shown to exhibit cytotoxicity against a limited panel of human cancer cell lines.
| S-EPMC4052331 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) approach has become a widely used method to analyze expression patterns of target genes. The selection of an optimal reference gene is a prerequisite for the accurate normalization of gene expression in qRT-PCR. The present study constitutes the first systematic evaluation of potential reference genes in Rhododendron molle G. Don. Eleven candidate reference genes in different tissues and flowers at different developmental stages of R. molle were assessed using the following three software packages: GeNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper. The results showed that EF1-? (elongation factor 1-alpha), 18S (18s ribosomal RNA), and RPL3 (ribosomal protein L3) were the most stable reference genes in developing rhododendron flowers and, thus, in all of the tested samples, while tublin (TUB) was the least stable. ACT5 (actin), RPL3, 18S, and EF1-? were found to be the top four choices for different tissues, whereas TUB was not found to favor qRT-PCR normalization in these tissues. Three stable reference genes are recommended for the normalization of qRT-PCR data in R. molle. Furthermore, the expression profiles of RmPSY (phytoene synthase) and RmPDS (phytoene dehydrogenase) were assessed using EF1-?, 18S, ACT5, RPL3, and their combination as internals. Similar trends were found, but these trends varied when the least stable reference gene TUB was used. The results further prove that it is necessary to validate the stability of reference genes prior to their use for normalization under different experimental conditions. This study provides useful information for reliable qRT-PCR data normalization in gene studies of R. molle.
| S-EPMC5067439 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Rhododendron molle isolate:GLZ1001 Raw sequence reads
| PRJNA664478 | ENA
Project description:Rhododendron mole (Blume) G. Don is an attractive ornamental and valuable medicinal plant which widely distributed in the southern regions of China. In order to promote the studies on the genetic diversity of this species, we assembled the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of R. molle by using the genome skimming approach. The results showed that the cp genome of R. molle exhibited a quadripartite cycle with 197,877 bp, comprising of two inverted repeats (IRs) of 43,831 bp separated by a large single copy (LSC) region of 110,189 bp and a quite small single copy (SSC) region of 26 bp. It encodes 146 genes, including 92 protein-coding, 46 tRNA, and eight rRNA genes. The overall GC content of the cp genome was 36.0%. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that R. molle is closely related to R. delavayi. Thus, the cp genome sequence of R. molle provides a rich source of genetic information for studies on Rhododendron taxonomy, phylogeny, and evolution, as well as lays the foundation for further development and utilization of R. molle.
| S-EPMC8354172 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundRhododendron molle (Ericaceae) is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, its flower and root have been widely used to treat rheumatism and relieve pain for thousands of years in China. Chemical studies have revealed that R. molle contains abundant secondary metabolites such as terpenoinds, flavonoids and lignans, some of which have exhibited various bioactivities including antioxidant, hypotension and analgesic activity. In spite of immense pharmaceutical importance, the mechanism underlying the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites remains unknown and the genomic information is unavailable.ResultsTo gain molecular insight into this plant, especially on the information of pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites including grayanane diterpenoids, we conducted deep transcriptome sequencing for R. molle flower and root using the Illumina Hiseq platform. In total, 100,603 unigenes were generated through de novo assembly with mean length of 778 bp, 57.1% of these unigenes were annotated in public databases and 17,906 of those unigenes showed significant match in the KEGG database. Unigenes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were annotated, including the TPSs and CYPs that were potentially responsible for the biosynthesis of grayanoids. Moreover, 3376 transcription factors and 10,828 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were also identified. Additionally, we further performed differential gene expression (DEG) analysis of the flower and root transcriptome libraries and identified numerous genes that were specifically expressed or up-regulated in flower.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to generate and thoroughly analyze the transcriptome data of both R. molle flower and root. This study provided an important genetic resource which will shed light on elucidating various secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways in R. molle, especially for those with medicinal value and allow for drug development in this plant.
| S-EPMC7487690 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Rhododendron molle G. Don is one example of traditional Chinese medicine with important medicinal value. In this study, the effects of methanol extract of R. molle leaves (RLE) on colorectal cancer HT-29 cells and its potential molecular mechanism were investigated. MTT analysis showed that RLE could significantly inhibit the cell viability and migration of HT-29 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Cell cycle analyses via flow cytometer suggested that RLE induced DNA fragmentation, indicative of apoptosis, and arrest at the S phase in HT-29 cells. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that RLE could upregulate the mRNA expression of p53 and p21 in HT-29 cells, which would result in HT-29 cells being blocked in S phase. Meanwhile, RLE could upregulate the expression of Bax, and downregulate the expression of Bcl-2, which would induce cell apoptosis. Further western blot analysis showed that the protein expression changes of Bax and P53 were basically consistent with the results of qRT-PCR. In addition, GC-MS analysis detected 17 potential anticancer components in R. molle. These results indicate that R. molle has significant anticancer activity, which provides some useful information for further study and clinical application for R. molle.
| S-EPMC8157555 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To enhance the genomics and genetics of azalea, the whole-genome sequences of two species of Rhododendron were determined and analysed in this study: Rhododendron ripense, the cytoplasmic donor and ancestral species of large-flowered and evergreen azalea cultivars; and Rhododendron kiyosumense, a native of Chiba prefecture (Japan) seldomly bred and cultivated. A chromosome-level genome sequence assembly of R. ripense was constructed by single-molecule real-time sequencing and genetic mapping, while the genome sequence of R. kiyosumense was assembled using the single-tube long fragment read sequencing technology. The R. ripense genome assembly contained 319 contigs (506.7 Mb; N50 length: 2.5 Mb) and was assigned to the genetic map to establish 13 pseudomolecule sequences. On the other hand, the genome of R. kiyosumense was assembled into 32,308 contigs (601.9 Mb; N50 length: 245.7 kb). A total of 34,606 genes were predicted in the R. ripense genome, while 35,785 flower and 48,041 leaf transcript isoforms were identified in R. kiyosumense through Iso-Seq analysis. Overall, the genome sequence information generated in this study enhances our understanding of genome evolution in the Ericales and reveals the phylogenetic relationship of closely related species. This information will also facilitate the development of phenotypically attractive azalea cultivars.
| S-EPMC8435550 | biostudies-literature