Dataset Information

Increased levels of the oxidative stress biomarker 8-iso-prostaglandin F_2? in wastewater associated with tobacco use.

ABSTRACT: Wastewater analysis has been demonstrated to be a complementary approach for assessing the overall patterns of drug use by a population while the full potential of wastewater-based epidemiology has yet to be explored. F₂-isoprostanes are a prototype wastewater biomarker to study the cumulative oxidative stress at a community level. In this work, 8-iso-prostaglandin F_2? (8-iso-PGF_2?) was analysed in raw 24?h-composite wastewater samples collected from 4 Norwegian and 7 other European cities in 2014 and 2015. Using the same samples, biomarkers of alcohol (ethyl sulfate) and tobacco (trans-3'-hydroxycotinine) use were also analysed to investigate any possible correlation between 8-iso-PGF_2? and the consumption of the two drugs. The estimated per capita daily loads of 8-iso-PGF_2? in the 11 cities ranged between 2.5 and 9.9?mg/day/1000 inhabitants with a population-weighted mean of 4.8?mg/day/1000 inhabitants. There were no temporal trends observed in the levels of 8-iso-PGF_2?, however, spatial differences were found at the inter-city level correlating to the degree of urbanisation. The 8-iso-PGF_2? mass load was found to be strongly associated with that of trans-3'-hydroxycotinine while it showed no correlation with ethyl sulfate. The present study shows the potential for 8-iso-PGF_2? as a wastewater biomarker for the assessment of community public health.

SUBMITTER: Ryu Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5157025 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Increased levels of the oxidative stress biomarker 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α in wastewater associated with tobacco use.

Ryu Yeonsuk Y Gracia-Lor Emma E Bade Richard R Baz-Lomba J A JA Bramness Jørgen G JG Castiglioni Sara S Castrignanò Erika E Causanilles Ana A Covaci Adrian A de Voogt Pim P Hernandez Felix F Kasprzyk-Hordern Barbara B Kinyua Juliet J McCall Ann-Kathrin AK Ort Christoph C Plósz Benedek G BG Ramin Pedram P Rousis Nikolaos I NI Reid Malcolm J MJ Thomas Kevin V KV

Scientific reports 20161215

Wastewater analysis has been demonstrated to be a complementary approach for assessing the overall patterns of drug use by a population while the full potential of wastewater-based epidemiology has yet to be explored. F2-isoprostanes are a prototype wastewater biomarker to study the cumulative oxidative stress at a community level. In this work, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) was analysed in raw 24 h-composite wastewater samples collected from 4 Norwegian ...[more]

PMID: 27976726

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Project description:The widespread detection of elevated oxidative stress levels in many medical conditions has led to numerous efforts to design interventions to reduce its effects. Efforts have been wide-ranging, from dietary changes to administration of antioxidants, supplements, e.g., omega-3-fatty acids, and many medications. However, there is still no systemic assessment of the efficacy of treatments for oxidative stress reduction across a variety of medical conditions. The goal of this meta-analysis is, by combining multiple studies, to quantitate the change in the levels of the popular oxidative stress biomarker 8-iso-prostaglandin F2? (8-iso-PGF2?) after a variety of treatment strategies in human populations. Nearly 350 unique publications with 180 distinct strategies were included in the analysis. For each strategy, the difference between pre- or placebo and post-treatment levels calculated using Hedges' g value of effect. In general, administration of antibiotics, antihyperlipidemic agents, or changes in lifestyle (g = -?0.63, -?0.54, and 0.56) had the largest effect. Administration of supplements, antioxidants, or changes in diet (g = -?0.09, -?0.28, -?0.12) had small quantitative effects. To fully interpret the effectiveness of these treatments, comparisons to the increase in g value for each medical condition is required. For example, antioxidants in populations with coronary artery disease (CAD) reduce the 8-iso-PGF2? levels by g =?-?0.34?±?0.1, which is quantitatively considered a small effect. However, CAD populations, in comparison to healthy populations, have an increase in 8-iso-PGF2? levels by g =?0.38?±?0.04; therefore, the overall reduction of 8-iso-PGF2? levels is ??90% by this treatment in this specific medical condition. In conclusion, 8-iso-PGF2? levels can be reduced not only by antioxidants but by many other strategies. Not all strategies are equally effective at reducing 8-iso-PGF2? levels. In addition, the effectiveness of any strategy can be assessed only in relation to the medical condition investigated.

Project description:BackgroundProstaglandins (PG) are lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid metabolism. They are involved in cellular processes such as inflammation and tissue homeostasis. PG production is not restricted to multicellular organisms. Trypanosomatids also synthesize several metabolites of arachidonic acid. Nevertheless, their biological role in these early-branching parasites and their role in host-parasite interaction are not well elucidated. Prostaglandin F2α synthase (PGF2S) has been observed in the Leishmania braziliensis secreted proteome and in L. donovani extracellular vesicles. Furthermore, we previously reported a positive correlation between L. braziliensis PGF2S (LbrPGF2S) expression and pathogenicity in mice.MethodsLbrPGF2S gene expression and PGF2α synthesis in promastigotes were detected and quantified by western blotting and EIA assay kit, respectively. To investigate LbrPGF2S localization in amastigotes during bone marrow-derived macrophage infection, parasites expressing mCherry-LbrPGF2S were generated and followed by time-lapse imaging for 48 h post-infection. PGF2S homolog sequences from Leishmania and humans were analyzed in silico using ClustalW on Geneious v6 and EMBOSS Needle.ResultsLeishmania braziliensis promastigotes synthesize prostaglandin F2α in the presence of arachidonic acid, with peak production in the stationary growth phase under heat stress. LbrPGF2S is a cytoplasmic protein enriched in the secretory site of the parasite cell body, the flagellar pocket. It is an enzyme constitutively expressed throughout promastigote development, but overexpression of LbrPGF2S leads to an increase of infectivity in vitro. The data suggest that LbrPGF2S may be released from intracellular amastigotes into the cytoplasm of bone marrow-derived macrophages over a 48-hour infection period, using time-lapse microscopy and mCherry-PGF2S (mChPGF2S)-expressing parasites.ConclusionsLbrPGF2S, a parasite-derived protein, is targeted to the host cell cytoplasm. The putative transfer of this enzyme, involved in pro-inflammatory lipid mediator synthesis, to the host cell suggests a potential role in host-parasite interaction and may partially explain the increased pathogenicity associated with overexpression of LbrPGF2S in L. braziliensis. Our data provide valuable insights to help understand the importance of parasite-derived lipid mediators in pathogenesis.

Project description:BackgroundProstaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is an important component for the physiology of female reproductive processes. In the literature, the data pertaining to the synthesis and action of PGF2α in early embryonic bovine development are limited. In our study, we used the bovine in vitro culture model based on the time of first cleavage to determine the mRNA expression and immunolocalization of PGF2α synthase and its receptor in bovine embryos from the 2-cell stage to the hatched blastocyst stage. We also evaluated PGF2α production at 2, 5 and 7 days of in vitro culture.ResultsWe found a significantly higher proportion of blastocysts obtained from the early-cleaved embryos than from the late-cleaved embryos (37.7% vs. 26.1% respectively, P < 0.05). The PGFS mRNA expression was significantly higher in the late-cleaved group than in the early-cleaved group at the 2-, 4- and 16-cell stages (P < 0.05). For PTGFR, we observed that within the late-cleaved group, the mRNA abundance was significantly higher in embryos at the 2- and 16-cell stages than in embryos at the 4- and 8-cell stages (P < 0.05). We observed that PTGFR mRNA expression was significantly higher in the 2- and 16-cell embryos in the late-cleaved group than that in the early-cleaved group embryos (P < 0.05). Among the blastocysts, the PGFS and PTGFR expression levels showed a trend towards higher mRNA expression in the late-cleaved group than in the early-cleaved group. Analysis of PGF2α production showed that within the early-cleaved group, the content of PGF2α in the in vitro culture medium was significantly higher on day 7 than it was on day 2 (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe mRNA expression levels of PGF2α synthase and its receptor depend on the developmental stage and the embryo quality. Analyses of PGFS and PTGFR expression in bovine blastocysts and of PGF2α embryo production suggest that prostaglandin F2α can act in an autocrine and paracrine manner in bovine in vitro-produced preimplantation embryos. Moreover, the tendency of PTGFR and PGFS mRNA expression to be upregulated in embryos with low developmental potential can indicate a compensation mechanism related to high PGFS and PTGFR mRNA expression levels in low-quality embryos.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Lower socioeconomic status (SES) and psychosocial stress during pregnancy have been associated with adverse birth outcomes. While hypothalamic-pituitary-axis activation is thought to be the primary driver, oxidative stress may also be involved mechanistically. We used data from the Puerto Rico Testsite for Exploring Contamination Threats (PROTECT) cohort (N=476) to examine associations between self-reported psychosocial stress measures, SES indicators, and urinary oxidative stress biomarker concentrations, hypothesizing that women with lower SES and increased psychosocial stress would have elevated oxidative stress biomarkers. METHODS:Maternal age, education, marital status, insurance status, alcohol use and smoking status were obtained via self-reported questionnaires and were used as indicators of SES. Perceived stress, depression, negative life experiences, neighborhood perceptions, and social support were self-reported in questionnaires administered during pregnancy. Responses were grouped into tertiles for analysis, where the highest tertile corresponded to highest level of psychosocial stress. Urinary concentrations of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2? (8-iso-PGF2?) and its primary metabolite were measured at three study visits (median 18, 24, 28 weeks gestation) and averaged to reflect oxidative stress across pregnancy. Linear models were used to examine associations between SES indicators, tertiles of psychosocial stress and oxidative stress biomarkers. RESULTS:Average levels of 8-iso-PGF2? and the 8-iso-PGF2? metabolite were higher among pregnant women who were younger, who had public compared to private insurance, and who were unemployed compared to employed. However, no associations were observed between psychosocial stress measures and biomarker concentrations in adjusted analyses. CONCLUSIONS:Psychosocial stress during pregnancy, as indicated by self-reported questionnaire measures, was not associated with biomarkers of oxidative stress in the PROTECT study. However, results suggest that these biomarkers are elevated among women of lower SES, which is typically associated with stress. Notably, compared to other populations, self-reported psychosocial stress measures were lower in PROTECT compared to other populations.

Dataset Information

Increased levels of the oxidative stress biomarker 8-iso-prostaglandin F_2? in wastewater associated with tobacco use.

Publications

Increased levels of the oxidative stress biomarker 8-iso-prostaglandin F<sub>2α</sub> in wastewater associated with tobacco use.

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Dataset Information

Increased levels of the oxidative stress biomarker 8-iso-prostaglandin F2? in wastewater associated with tobacco use.

Publications

Increased levels of the oxidative stress biomarker 8-iso-prostaglandin F<sub>2α</sub> in wastewater associated with tobacco use.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets

Increased levels of the oxidative stress biomarker 8-iso-prostaglandin F_2? in wastewater associated with tobacco use.