Major Greenwood (1880-1949): the biography.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Farewell V
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5157783 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC2881998 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background:Climate vulnerability of the unborn can contribute to adverse birth outcomes, in particular, but it is still not well understood. We investigated the association between ambient temperature and stillbirth risk among a historical population in northern Sweden (1880-1950). Methods:We used digitized parish records and daily temperature data from the study region covering coastal and inland communities some 600 km north of Stockholm, Sweden. The data included 141,880 births, and 3,217 stillbirths, corresponding to a stillbirth rate of 22.7 (1880-1950). The association between lagged temperature (0-7 days before birth) and stillbirths was estimated using a time-stratified case-crossover design. Incidence risk ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals were computed, and stratified by season and sex. Results:We observed that the stillbirth risk increased both at low and high temperatures during the extended summer season (April to September), at -10°C, and the IRR was 2.3 (CI 1.28, 4.00) compared to the minimum mortality temperature of +15°C. No clear effect of temperature during the extended winter season (October to March) was found. Climate vulnerability was greater among the male fetus compared to the female counterparts. Conclusion:In this subarctic setting before and during industrialization, both heat and cold during the warmer season increased the stillbirth risk. Urbanization and socio-economic development might have contributed to an uneven decline in climate vulnerability of the unborn.
| S-EPMC8663868 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Nursing becoming a respectable, decent profession for educated Chinese women was a challenging undertaking. The early advancement of nursing in China was a collective effort of the missionary medicine, the private foundations, and the endurance, dedication and hardworking of the Chinese as well as foreign nurses. Western missionary introduced modern nursing in China and laid the preliminary foundation for its development, while the upgrading of nursing education from training to higher learning was a contribution by the School of Nursing Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), envisioned and supported by the China Medical Board. Its state-of-the-art and visionary education model, the high standard and the initiatives in public health nursing, and the heroic and patriotic military nursing created by the PUMC's outstanding graduates produced a cohort of leaders in nursing education and profession in China before 1949. All these efforts acting together shaped the modern nursing in China, leaving a great heritage to nursing education and practice to New China.
| S-EPMC6626073 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and Objectives:Increasing numbers of older adults use the internet, but relatively little is known about the range and determinants of different online activities among older internet users. This study explores the interplay between technology-related biographical experiences and subjective technology adaptivity to explain the variability of internet use. Older adults who report having had more biographical experiences with technologies were expected to use a greater range of online activities. In addition, subjective technology adaptivity was expected to serve as a mediator of this relationship. Research Design and Methods:The analyses are based on a sample of 707 community-dwelling older participants of the University of the Third Age between 60 and 95 years of age (mean age = 72.49 years; 48% female) who use the internet. The measures include self-reports of online activities, technology-related biographical experiences, subjective technology adaptivity, and personal characteristics (age, gender, education, income, living-together status, and subjective health). Correlations and a path model with mediator effects were used to explore the research hypothesis. Results:The bivariate effects on the variability of internet use showed that study subjects participated in a greater range of online activities when they lived together with other people and were male, younger, and had higher levels of subjective technology adaptivity, technology-related biographical experiences, and educational level. The direct effects on the mediator show higher levels of subjective technology adaptivity for people who reported greater technology-related biographical experiences and for those who reported higher levels of subjective health. Discussion and Implications:The results show that the positive association between people's past experiences with and stances toward technology in their own lifetimes and their range of diverse internet activities is mediated by subjective technology adaptivity. The findings also help to illustrate which biographical factors and which current individual factors explain differences in actual online behavior.
| S-EPMC6938462 | biostudies-literature
Project description:As the interest in the beneficial effects of positive touch experiences is rapidly growing, having reliable and valid tools to its assessment is essential. The Tactile Biography Questionnaire (TBQ) allows to quantify individual differences in affective touch experiences throughout life. The aim of this article is to present a contribution to its validation in the Italian population. Data analysis were run on a sample of 2040 Italian individuals (Females = 1342, 64%) participating in an on-line survey. Confirmatory Factor Analysis and invariance analyses for gender were applied. Concurrent validity was checked using two specific subscales of the Touch Avoidance Questionnaire (TAQ—i.e., Family and Stranger). The four-dimensional structure of the TBQ was confirmed in the overall sample and by gender. Also, the TBQ showed an excellent internal consistency and a good concurrent validity with TAQ. The present study suggests that the TBQ can be used to support healthcare professionals and researchers to assess experiences of affective touch in different settings.
| S-EPMC9477375 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Novosphingobium organovorum strain:1949 Genome sequencing and assembly
| PRJNA820888 | ENA
Project description:ObjectiveTo understand and compare the trends in mandated benefits laws in the United States.Data sources/study settingMandated benefit laws enacted in 50 states and the District of Columbia for the period 1949-2002 were compiled from multiple published compendia.Study designLaws that require private insurers and health plans to cover particular services, types of diseases, or care by specific providers in 50 states and the District of Columbia are compared for the period 1949-2002. Legislation is compared by year, by average and total frequency, by state, by type (provider, health care service, or preventive), and according to whether it requires coverage or an offer of coverage.Data collection/extraction methodData from published tables were entered into a spreadsheet and analyzed using statistical software.Principal findingsA total of 1,471 laws mandated coverage for 76 types of providers and services. The most common type of mandated coverage is for specific health care services (670 laws for 34 different services), followed by laws for services offered by specific professionals and other providers (507 mandated benefits laws for 25 types of providers), and coverage for specific preventive services (295 laws for 17 benefits). On average, a mandated benefit law has been adopted or significantly revised by 19 states, and each state has approximately 29 mandates. Only two benefits (minimum maternity stay and breast reconstruction) are mandated in all 51 jurisdictions and these were also federally mandated benefits. The mean number of total mandated benefit laws adopted or significantly revised per year was 17 per year in the 1970s, 36 per year in the 1980s, 59 per year in the 1990s, and 76 per year between 2000 and 2002. Since 1990, mandate adoption increased substantially, with around 55 percent of all mandated benefit laws enacted between 1990 and 2002.ConclusionsThere was a large increase in the number of mandated benefits laws during the managed care "backlash" of the 1990s. Many states now use mandated benefits to prescribe not only what services and benefits would be provided but how, where, and when services will be provided.
| S-EPMC1713218 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This dataset expands an existing proxy for U.S. household gun ownership rates, known as the rate of firearm suicides divided by all suicides (FSS), covering 1949-2020, with newly added data for the 1949-1972 period. For each state and year, the dataset provides the count and population-adjusted rate of suicides, firearm suicides, homicides, and firearm homicides, among other figures. The first 30 years of firearm suicide/homicide counts were transcribed from scanned National Center for Health Statistics reports; later figures come from the CDC's WONDER and WISQARS systems. Unlike other measures of gun prevalence that focus on national or regional variation, this proxy captures trends in household gun ownership at the state level. Moreover, it does not rely on self-reported data, which are susceptible to social desirability bias. To the best of our knowledge, this extended proxy dataset represents the longest-ranging collection of state-level gun ownership rates available to date. By utilizing the FSS proxy, researchers can examine long-term patterns and changes in household gun ownership rates. This dataset also opens up opportunities to explore the effects of gun ownership on public health, social dynamics, policy, and other relevant areas of research.
| S-EPMC10514438 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Plague, caused by Yersinia pestis infection, continues to threaten low- and middle-income countries throughout the world. The complex interactions between rodents and fleas with their respective environments challenge our understanding of human plague epidemiology. Historical long-term datasets of reported plague cases offer a unique opportunity to elucidate the effects of climate on plague outbreaks in detail. Here, we analyse monthly plague deaths and climate data from 25 provinces in British India from 1898 to 1949 to generate insights into the influence of temperature, rainfall and humidity on the occurrence, severity and timing of plague outbreaks. We find that moderate relative humidity levels of between 60% and 80% were strongly associated with outbreaks. Using wavelet analysis, we determine that the nationwide spread of plague was driven by changes in humidity, where, on average, a one-month delay in the onset of rising humidity translated into a one-month delay in the timing of plague outbreaks. This work can inform modern spatio-temporal predictive models for the disease and aid in the development of early-warning strategies for the deployment of prophylactic treatments and other control measures.
| S-EPMC7341932 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The long-term interaction between Cu-based alloys and environmental species gives rise to the formation of different and sometimes unusual compounds (i.e., the patina) with distinctive chemical and structural features as a function of the peculiar characteristics of the context. In this paper, we describe some representative case studies concerning degraded bronze Roman valuable or common use objects, and we show that an attentive study at a microscale level, as for forensic analysis, allows one to understand the chemical processes that underlie the formation of the surface alteration products. The achieved information describe fragments of chemical life and disclose the complex chemical changes suffered by the artifacts, allowing one to write their chemical biography. This challenging approach expands the panorama of available information and demonstrates that it is possible to reconstruct the different modes through which the bronze surfaces and interfaces have interacted with environmental species, organic matter, and microorganisms, opening up a new possibility to describe complex environmental chemical stories, in certain cases interrelated.
| S-EPMC6648805 | biostudies-literature