Dataset Information

?-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biomarkers and Coronary Heart Disease: Pooling Project of 19 Cohort Studies.

ABSTRACT: IMPORTANCE:The role of ?-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) remains controversial. Most prior longitudinal studies evaluated self-reported consumption rather than biomarkers. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate biomarkers of seafood-derived eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5?-3), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; 22:5?-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6?-3) and plant-derived ?-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3?-3) for incident CHD. DATA SOURCES:A global consortium of 19 studies identified by November 2014. STUDY SELECTION:Available prospective (cohort, nested case-control) or retrospective studies with circulating or tissue ?-3 biomarkers and ascertained CHD. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS:Each study conducted standardized, individual-level analysis using harmonized models, exposures, outcomes, and covariates. Findings were centrally pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was examined by age, sex, race, diabetes, statins, aspirin, ?-6 levels, and FADS desaturase genes. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:Incident total CHD, fatal CHD, and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI). RESULTS:The 19 studies comprised 16 countries, 45?637 unique individuals, and 7973 total CHD, 2781 fatal CHD, and 7157 nonfatal MI events, with ?-3 measures in total plasma, phospholipids, cholesterol esters, and adipose tissue. Median age at baseline was 59 years (range, 18-97 years), and 28 660 (62.8%) were male. In continuous (per 1-SD increase) multivariable-adjusted analyses, the ?-3 biomarkers ALA, DPA, and DHA were associated with a lower risk of fatal CHD, with relative risks (RRs) of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.84-0.98) for ALA, 0.90 (95% CI, 0.85-0.96) for DPA, and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.84-0.96) for DHA. Although DPA was associated with a lower risk of total CHD (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.90-0.99), ALA (RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.95-1.05), EPA (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.87-1.02), and DHA (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91-1.00) were not. Significant associations with nonfatal MI were not evident. Associations appeared generally stronger in phospholipids and total plasma. Restricted cubic splines did not identify evidence of nonlinearity in dose responses. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:On the basis of available studies of free-living populations globally, biomarker concentrations of seafood and plant-derived ?-3 fatty acids are associated with a modestly lower incidence of fatal CHD.

SUBMITTER: Del Gobbo LC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5183535 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biomarkers and Coronary Heart Disease: Pooling Project of 19 Cohort Studies.

Del Gobbo Liana C LC Imamura Fumiaki F Aslibekyan Stella S Marklund Matti M Virtanen Jyrki K JK Wennberg Maria M Yakoob Mohammad Y MY Chiuve Stephanie E SE Dela Cruz Luicito L Frazier-Wood Alexis C AC Fretts Amanda M AM Guallar Eliseo E Matsumoto Chisa C Prem Kiesha K Tanaka Tosh T Wu Jason H Y JH Zhou Xia X Helmer Catherine C Ingelsson Erik E Yuan Jian-Min JM Barberger-Gateau Pascale P Campos Hannia H Chaves Paulo H M PH Djoussé Luc L Giles Graham G GG Gómez-Aracena Jose J Hodge Allison M AM Hu Frank B FB Jansson Jan-Håkan JH Johansson Ingegerd I Khaw Kay-Tee KT Koh Woon-Puay WP Lemaitre Rozenn N RN Lind Lars L Luben Robert N RN Rimm Eric B EB Risérus Ulf U Samieri Cecilia C Franks Paul W PW Siscovick David S DS Stampfer Meir M Steffen Lyn M LM Steffen Brian T BT Tsai Michael Y MY van Dam Rob M RM Voutilainen Sari S Willett Walter C WC Woodward Mark M Mozaffarian Dariush D

JAMA internal medicine 20160801 8

<h4>Importance</h4>The role of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) remains controversial. Most prior longitudinal studies evaluated self-reported consumption rather than biomarkers.<h4>Objective</h4>To evaluate biomarkers of seafood-derived eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5ω-3), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; 22:5ω-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6ω-3) and plant-derived α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3ω-3) for incident CHD.<h4>Data sources</h4>A gl ...[more]

PMID: 27357102

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Project description:BackgroundTo evaluate the association and dose-response relationship between polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adults.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for cohort studies that examined the association between PUFA and T2D incidence published up to September 6, 2021. Relative risk (RR) or hazard ratio (HR) was used as the effect indicator, each effect size was expressed by 95% confidence interval (CI). The presence of heterogeneity of effect size between studies was assessed by the Q-test and I2 statistics. If I2 ≥ 50%, the random-effects model was applied, otherwise the fixed effects model was used. Sensitivity analysis was performed for all models. Potential publication bias was assessed. We conducted linear and nonlinear dose-response meta-analyses, calculated summary relative risk (SRR).ResultsTwenty-five articles were selected including 54,000 patients in this study. Our estimates observed no linear associations between total PUFA and the incidence of T2D. However, the summary dose-response curve of T2D risk increased in a nonlinear pattern with the consumption of omega-3 PUFA (Pnonlinearity < 0.001) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (Pnonlinearity = 0.040). Our subgroup analysis showed that total PUFA intake was associated with increased incidence of T2D in Europe (RR: 1.040, 95% CI 1.009 to 1.072), and Australia (RR: 1.188, 95% CI 1.113 to 1.269). However, total PUFA intake was associated with decreased T2D incidence in Asia (RR: 0.897, 95% CI 0.860 to 0.936). Subgroup analysis based on PUFA types showed that DHA intake was associated with decreased T2D incidence (RR: 1.164, 95% CI 1.048 to 1.294) while linoleic acid (LA) decreased T2D incidence (RR: 0.956, 95% CI 0.930 to 0.983). Regarding the sex subgroup, women's intake of total PUFA would increase the risk of T2D (RR: 1.049, 95% CI 1.019 to 1.079) while total PUFA intake decreased the risk of T2D in men (RR: 0.955, 95% CI 0.913 to 0.999).ConclusionFor specific PUFA, dose-response curves show nonlinear significant associations between PUFA intakes and T2D. It may be necessary to pay attention to the effects of PUFA and type of intake on T2D. Trial registration Not applicable.

Project description:BackgroundThe therapeutic and health promoting role of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) from fish, i.e. eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) are well known. These same benefits may however be shared by some of their precursors, the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4 n-3). In order to obtain alternative sources for the large-scale production of PUFAs, new searches are being conducted focusing on higher plants oils which can contain these n-3 and n-6 C18 precursors, i.e. SDA and GLA (18:3n-6, ?-linolenic acid).ResultsThe establishment of the novel Echium acanthocarpum hairy root cultures represents a powerful tool in order to research the accumulation and metabolism of fatty acids (FAs) in a plant particularly rich in GLA and SDA. Furthermore, this study constitutes the first example of a Boraginaceae species hairy root induction and establishment for FA studies and production. The dominant PUFAs, 18:2n-6 (LA, linoleic acid) and 18:3n-6 (GLA), accounted for about 50% of total FAs obtained, while the n-3 PUFAs, 18:3n-3 (ALA, ?-linolenic acid) and 18:4n-3 (SDA), represented approximately 5% of the total. Production of FAs did not parallel hairy root growth, and the optimal productivity was always associated with the highest biomass density during the culture period. Assuming a compromise between FA production and hairy root biomass, it was determined that sampling times 4 and 5 gave the most useful FA yields. Total lipid amounts were in general comparable between the different hairy root lines (29.75 and 60.95 mg/g DW), with the major lipid classes being triacylglycerols. The FAs were chiefly stored in the hairy roots with very minute amounts being released into the liquid nutrient medium.ConclusionsThe novel results presented here show the utility and high potential of E. acanthocarpum hairy roots. They are capable of biosynthesizing and accumulating a large range of polyunsaturated FAs, including the target GLA and SDA fatty acids in appreciable quantities.

Dataset Information

?-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biomarkers and Coronary Heart Disease: Pooling Project of 19 Cohort Studies.

Publications

ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biomarkers and Coronary Heart Disease: Pooling Project of 19 Cohort Studies.

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