Depressive symptoms in women's midlife in relation to their body weight before, during and after childbearing years.
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ABSTRACT: Objective
This study aimed to examine how weight and weight changes related to pregnancy were associated with depressive symptoms 11-16 years after childbirth.Method
We followed 16,998 first-time mothers from the Danish National Birth Cohort up till 16 years after birth and estimated associations between depressive symptoms and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (kg m-2), weight changes in different time periods, and BMI-adjusted waist circumference 7 years after birth (WCBMI, cm). Depressive symptoms were estimated by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression 10-item scale. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals.Results
Compared with normal-weight, we found that underweight, overweight and obesity were associated with greater odds of depressive symptoms (1.29, 1.24 and 1.73, respectively). Compared with weight change ±1 BMI unit during the total follow-up period, greater odds for depressive symptoms were observed with weight loss (OR 1.14, 0.96-1.36) or gain of 2-2.99 kg m-2 (OR 1.11, 0.92-1.33) or gain of ≥3 kg m-2 (OR 1.68, 1.46-1.94). WCBMI > 2.2 cm was associated with greater odds of depressive symptoms (OR 1.16, 0.99-1.36) than waist circumference as predicted by BMI.Conclusion
Low and high pre-pregnancy BMI, weight changes and WCBMI larger than predicted were associated with more depressive symptoms in midlife.
SUBMITTER: Bliddal M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5192541 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Prior studies of the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and depressive symptoms have typically excluded economic coercion (EC), a prevalent form of IPV worldwide. Here, we used structural equation models (SEM) to estimate the association of EC with depressive symptoms, with and without adjustment for physical/psychological/sexual IPV, among women in rural Matlab, Bangladesh. Data were collected from cross-sectional surveys with married women 15-49 years, conducted between November 2018 and January 2019. Prior-week depressive symptoms were measured using the 10-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression short-form. Lifetime EC was assessed using a bi-dimensional, 36-item scale developed in Matlab. Lifetime physical/sexual/psychological IPV was assessed using the 20-item WHO Domestic Violence module. Covariates were age, age at marriage, and schooling; partner's schooling; and household wealth. Among 929 women, lifetime experience of EC ranged from 41.9% (control over access to work, schooling, and training) to 50.0% (control over use/maintenance of economic resources), while any lifetime physical/psychological/sexual IPV was 89.5%. Coercion involving the use and maintenance of economic resources had a significant, adjusted association with depressive symptoms (standardized coefficient = 0.491, p<0.001, R2=0.221). The standardized association of any physical/psychological/sexual IPV with depressive symptoms, adjusted for covariates and cluster sampling, was 0.346 (p <0.001, R2=0.143). When further adjusted for the two measures of EC, the association was attenuated and non-significant (0.049, p = 0.817). These findings suggest that EC is prevalent, significantly associated with depressive symptoms, and attenuates the association of other forms of IPV with depressive symptoms. Addressing EC with other forms of IPV may be necessary to reduce depressive symptoms in exposed women.
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Project description:ObjectiveTo characterise symptoms experienced by women during the transition into natural menopause, to classify women into distinct symptom profiles or trajectories, and to relate these profiles to sociodemographic factors and health behaviours.DesignNationally representative cohort study.SettingEngland, Scotland, and Wales.Participants695 women followed-up since birth in 1946 and annually from age 47 to 54 who experienced natural menopause and reported on 20 common health symptoms.Main outcome measureLongitudinal profiles for reported bothersome symptoms.ResultsOf 20 individual symptoms, 18 formed into four stable symptom groups: psychological, somatic, vasomotor, and sexual discomfort. Using latent class analyses, all except the somatic group of symptoms showed a clear relation with the timing of menopause for some women. A small proportion of women (10%, n=63) had a severe psychological symptom profile that peaked at or in the year after menopause. For vasomotor symptoms, 14% of women (n=83) had the early severe profile that also peaked around early postmenopause and then declined noticeably; 11% (n=67) had the late severe profile of bothersome symptoms that increased rapidly in perimenopause and remained high for four years or more after menopause. Women were less likely to have a profile for severe vasomotor symptoms if they were from a non-manual social class (odds ratio 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.57 to 1.01) or had degree level qualifications (0.37, 0.18 to 0.77). The 14% of women (n=85) who had the late severe profile for sexual discomfort showed a similar increase in symptoms until menopause, with symptoms persisting after menopause. Married women were more likely to have the late severe or late moderate profile than women of other marital status (2.40, 1.30 to 4.41). Four profiles each were identified for somatic symptoms (mild, moderate, severe, and very severe), although these did not vary by chronological age or age at menopause.ConclusionProfiles for psychological, vasomotor, and sexual discomfort symptoms relative to age at menopause could help health professionals to tailor their advice for women with natural menopause.
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