Enlargement of deep medullary veins during the early clinical course of Sturge-Weber syndrome.
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SUBMITTER: Pilli VK
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5200860 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundEnlarged deep medullary veins (EDMVs) in patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) may channel venous blood from the surface to the deep vein system in brain regions affected by the leptomeningeal venous malformation. Thus, the quantification of EDMV volume may provide an objective imaging marker for this vascular compensatory process. The present study proposes a novel analytical method to quantify enlarged EDMV volumes in the affected hemisphere of patients with unilateral SWS.MethodsTwenty young subjects, including 10 patients with unilateral SWS and 10 healthy siblings (age 14.5±6.7 and 16.0±7.0 years, respectively) underwent 3T brain MRI scanning using susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) and volumetric T1-weighted sequences. The proposed image analytic steps segmented EDMVs in white matter regions, defined on the volumetric T1-weighted images, by statistically associating the likelihood of intensity, location, and tubular shape on SWI. The volumes of the segmented EDMVs, calculated in each hemisphere, were compared between affected and unaffected hemispheres. EDMV volumes were also correlated with visually assessed EDMV scores, hemispheric white matter volumes, and cortical surface areas. Parametric tests including Pearson's correlation, unpaired and paired t-tests, were used. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsIt was found that EDMVs were identified well in SWS-affected hemispheres while calcified regions were excluded. Mean EDMV volumes in the SWS-affected hemispheres were 10-12-fold greater than in the unaffected or healthy control hemispheres; while white matter volumes and cortical surface areas were lower. EDMV volumes in the SWS-affected hemispheres showed a strong positive correlation with the visual EDMV scores (r=0.88, P=0.001) and an inverse correlation with cortical surface area ratios (r=-0.65, P=0.04) but no correlation with white matter volume ratios.ConclusionsEDMVs were detected in the SWS-affected atrophic hemispheres reliably while avoiding calcified regions. The approach can be used to quantify enlarged deep cerebral veins in the human brain, which may provide a potential marker of cerebral venous remodeling.
| S-EPMC10895099 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSturge-Weber syndrome is a rare neurovascular disorder associated with capillary malformation, seizures, cognitive impairments, and stroke-like episodes (SLEs), arising from a somatic activating mutation in GNAQ. Studies suggest this mutation may cause hyperactivation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Sirolimus is an mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor studied in other vascular anomalies and a potentially promising therapy in Sturge-Weber syndrome.MethodsTen patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome brain involvement and cognitive impairments were enrolled. Oral sirolimus was taken for six months (maximum dose: 2 mg/day, target trough level: 4-6 ng/mL). Neuropsychological testing, electroencephalography, and port-wine score were performed at baseline and after six months on sirolimus. Neuroquality of life, adverse events, and Sturge-Weber Syndrome Neurological Score (neuroscore) were recorded at each visit.ResultsSirolimus was generally well tolerated; one subject withdrew early. Adverse events considered related to sirolimus were mostly (15/16) grade 1. A significant increase in processing speed was seen in the overall group (P = 0.031); five of nine patients with available data demonstrated statistically rare improvement in processing speed. Improvements were seen in the neuroquality of life subscales measuring anger (P = 0.011), cognitive function (P = 0.015), and depression (P = 0.046). Three subjects experiencing SLEs before and during the study reported shortened recovery times while on sirolimus.ConclusionsSirolimus was well tolerated in individuals with Sturge-Weber syndrome and may be beneficial for cognitive impairments, especially in patients with impaired processing speed or a history of SLE. A future, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of sirolimus in patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome is needed to further understand these potentially beneficial effects.
| S-EPMC8209677 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC3997529 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Sturge-Weber syndrome is a neurocutaneous disorder with skin, eye, and brain involvement. Prior series suggest about 50% of patients have seizures/neurodeterioration. Low-dose (3-5 mg/kg/d) aspirin use in this population is controversial. This study further addresses the side effects and outcomes of low-dose aspirin usage in Sturge-Weber syndrome. Fifty-eight subjects on aspirin with brain involvement were analyzed in a retrospective chart review. Charts were evaluated for brain involvement, age at first seizure, and side effects. Subjects' clinical stability was compared using neurologic scores. The majority of subjects had neurologic scores reflecting reasonable seizure control (91%), none or mild hemiparesis (57%), no vision impairment (71%), and none or mild cognitive impairment (80%). Forty-nine reported no significant side effects, and 9 reported either allergic reaction or minimal to significant bleeding on aspirin. This cohort's clinical experience adds significant support for low-dose aspirin use to optimize neurodevelopmental outcome in Sturge-Weber syndrome with minimal side effects.
| S-EPMC4373084 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimTo evaluate clinical and metabolic correlates of cerebral calcifications in children with Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS).MethodFifteen children (11 females, four males; age range 7mo-9y, mean 4y 1mo) with unilateral SWS underwent baseline and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), glucose metabolism positron emission tomography (PET), and neurocognitive assessment (mean follow-up 1y 8mo). Calcified brain volumes measured on SWI were correlated with areas of abnormal glucose metabolism, seizure variables, and cognitive function (IQ).ResultsTen children had brain calcification at baseline and 11 at follow-up. Mean calcified brain volume increased from 1.69 to 2.47cm3 (p=0.003) in these children; the rate of interval calcified volume increase was associated with early onset of epilepsy (Spearman's rho [rs ]=-0.63, p=0.036). Calcified brain regions showed a variable degree of glucose hypometabolism with the metabolic abnormalities often extending to non-calcified cerebral lobes. Larger calcified brain volumes at baseline were associated with longer duration of epilepsy (rs =0.69, p=0.004) and lower outcome IQ (rs =-0.53, p=0.042).InterpretationBrain calcifications are common and progress faster in children with SWS with early epilepsy onset, and are associated with a variable degree of hypometabolism, which is typically more extensive than the calcified area. Higher calcified brain volumes may indicate a risk for poorer neurocognitive outcome.
| S-EPMC5568960 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Sturge-Weber syndrome is a rare nonhereditary developmental condition with neurological and skin disorder, characterized by presence of port wine stain on the face along with ocular disorders, oral manifestations and leptomeningeal angiomas. Here we present an unusual case of Sturge-Weber syndrome with osseous hypertrophy of maxilla.
| S-EPMC3681312 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Sturge-Weber syndrome is a vascular malformation syndrome consisting of a facial port-wine birthmark associated with malformed leptomeningeal blood vessels and a choroid "angioma" of the eye. It is a rare neurocutaneous disorder that occurs sporadically, is not inherited, and is caused by a somatic mosaic mutation in GNAQ. In patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome, brain involvement typically presents in infancy with seizures, strokes, and stroke-like episodes, and a range of neurologic impairments. Standard treatment includes laser therapy for the birthmark, control of glaucoma through eyedrops or surgery, and the use of anticonvulsants. Increasingly low-dose aspirin is offered. Treatment with propranolol has been tried generally without the dramatic results seen in hemangiomas. Treatment with an anticonvulsant or low-dose aspirin or both before the onset of seizures is an option. Surgical resection may be offered to those whose seizures are medically refractory. Endocrine, medical rehabilitation and cognitive comorbidities are important to manage. In the future, new therapeutic options are likely to be offered stemming from preclinical studies and small pilot clinical trials currently ongoing. Discovery of the causative somatic mosaic mutation suggests new insights into the pathophysiology of this vascular malformation disorder, and potential novel treatment strategies for future study. The mutation results in constitutive overactivation of the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK and the HIPPO-YAP pathways and inhibitors of these pathways may in the future prove useful in the treatment of Sturge-Weber syndrome.
| S-EPMC4943027 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The reproducibility of transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound measurements in Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) and TCD's ability to predict neurological progression is unknown.In 14 individuals with SWS, TCD measured mean flow velocity, pulsatility index, peak systolic velocity, and end-diastolic velocity in the middle, posterior, and anterior cerebral arteries of the affected and unaffected hemisphere. TCD was performed either once (n = 5) or twice in one day (n = 9). We assessed the reproducibility of the measurements performed twice on the same day on subjects and compared the TCD measurements to previously published age-matched controls. Clinically obtained neuroimaging was scored for extent and severity of SWS brain involvement. Patients were prospectively assigned SWS neuroscores.Middle cerebral artery velocity (r = 0.79, P = 0.04, n = 7), posterior cerebral artery velocity (r = 0.90, P = 0.04, n = 5), and anterior cerebral artery pulsatility index (r = 0.82, P = 0.02, n = 7) were reproducible TCD measurements comparing same-day percent side-to-side differences. In subjects with SWS, affected and unaffected mean peak systolic velocity and end-diastolic velocity in the middle, posterior, and anterior cerebral arteries were globally lower compared with age-matched control subjects. Subjects with the lowest affected middle cerebral artery velocity had the greatest worsening in the total neurological score between time 1 and 2 (r = -0.73, P = 0.04, n = 8) and the most severe magnetic resonance imaging involvement of the affected frontal lobe (r = -0.82, P = 0.007, n = 9).TCD may be a reliable measure with potential clinical value, indicating that blood flow may be globally decreased in SWS patients with unilateral brain involvement.
| S-EPMC5977390 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AIM:We assessed the utilization of the National Institutes of Health Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders (Neuro-QoL) in pediatric patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome, a rare neurovascular disorder which frequently results in seizures, brain atrophy, calcification, and a range of neurological impairments. METHODS:Subjects were seen clinically and consented for research. All 22 patients filled out the Pediatric Neuro-QoL. The Neuro-QoL subscores were converted to T-scores to compare with the referenced control population. Twenty-one participants also filled out the Brain Vascular Malformation Consortium Database Questionnaire containing data pertaining to Sturge-Weber syndrome-related medical history, medications, comorbidities, and family history. All data were analyzed with a significance threshold of P < 0.05. RESULTS:Cognitive function quality of life was significantly lower (P < 0.001) in pediatric patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome compared with referenced control subjects. Male gender (P = 0.02) was associated with lower cognitive function Neuro-QoL. The extent of skin (R = -0.46, P = 0.04), total eyelid port-wine birthmark (R = -0.56, P = 0.007), eye (R = -0.58, P = 0.005), and total Sturge-Weber syndrome involvement (R = -0.63, P = 0.002) were negatively correlated with cognitive function Neuro-QoL. A younger age at seizure onset was associated with lower cognitive function Neuro-QoL (hazard ratio = 0.90, P = 0.004) even after controlling for extent of brain, skin, or eye involvement. Antidepressant use was associated with lower cognitive function Neuro-QoL (P = 0.005), and cognitive function Neuro-QoL was negatively correlated with depression Neuro-QoL; however, after adjusting for depression this relationship was no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS:The results suggest targeting cognitive function Neuro-QoL in treatment trials and reiterate the prognostic value of early seizure onset. In addition, sex-related differences were noted, which should be further studied.
| S-EPMC7288751 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Sturge-Weber Syndrome (SWS) is a rare, sporadic neurocutaneous disorder. It is typically characterized by unilateral, posterior leptomeningeal angiomas that calcify, glaucoma, and facial portwine tains. Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare congenital syndrome characterized by ipsilateral cutaneous capillary malformations, venous varicosities, and bony or soft tissue overgrowth of the affected limbs. The clinical, neuroradiological features as well as the outcome of a Saudi boy who was referred to the Division of Pediatric Neurology, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, with intractable focal seizure and left-sided hemiparesis who was eventually diagnosed with combined SWS and KTS is described here. The rare coexistence of SWS and KTS should be suspected in a child presenting with neurological manifestation such as epilepsy, mental sub normality, or hemiparesis, with port-wine staining or capillary hemangioma and enlarged limbs. Awareness may help in improving the quality of life and survival of these patients.
| S-EPMC5237841 | biostudies-literature