Dataset Information

Structural Analysis of G-Quadruplex Formation at the Human MEST Promoter.

ABSTRACT: The promoter region of the imprinted gene MEST contains several motifs capable of forming G-quadruplex (G4) structures, which appear to contribute to consistent allelic dropout during polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of this region. Here, we extend our previous analysis of MEST G4 structures by applying fluorescent footprinting techniques to assess non B-DNA structure and topology in dsDNA from the full MEST promoter region, under conditions that mimic PCR. We demonstrate that the buffer used for PCR provides an extremely favourable milieu for G4 formation, and that cytosine methylation helps maintain G4 structures during PCR. Additionally, we demonstrate G4 formation at motifs not previously identified through bioinformatic analysis of the MEST promoter, and provide nucleotide level resolution for topological reconstruction of these structures. These observations increase our understanding of the mechanisms through which methylation and G4 contribute towards allelic drop-out during PCR.

SUBMITTER: Stevens AJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5214457 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Structural Analysis of G-Quadruplex Formation at the Human MEST Promoter.

Stevens Aaron J AJ Kennedy Martin A MA

PloS one 20170104 1

The promoter region of the imprinted gene MEST contains several motifs capable of forming G-quadruplex (G4) structures, which appear to contribute to consistent allelic dropout during polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of this region. Here, we extend our previous analysis of MEST G4 structures by applying fluorescent footprinting techniques to assess non B-DNA structure and topology in dsDNA from the full MEST promoter region, under conditions that mimic PCR. We demonstrate that the buffer ...[more]

PMID: 28052120

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Project description:In human and mouse, the promoter of the KRAS gene contains a nuclease hypersensitive polypurine-polypyrimidine element (NHPPE) that is essential for transcription. An interesting feature of the polypurine G-rich strand of NHPPE is its ability to assume an unusual DNA structure that, according to circular dichroism (CD) and DMS footprinting experiments, is attributed to an intramolecular parallel G-quadruplex, consisting of three G-tetrads and three loops. The human and mouse KRAS NHPPE G-rich strands display melting temperature of 64 and 73 degrees C, respectively, as well as a K+-dependent capacity to arrest DNA polymerase. Photocleavage and CD experiments showed that the cationic porphyrin TMPyP4 stacks to the external G-tetrads of the KRAS quadruplexes, increasing the T(m) by approximately 20 degrees C. These findings raise the intriguing question that the G-quadruplex formed within the NHPPE of KRAS may be involved in the regulation of transcription. Indeed, transfection experiments showed that the activity of the mouse KRAS promoter is reduced to 20% of control, in the presence of the quadruplex-stabilizing TMPyP4. In addition, we found that G-rich oligonucleotides mimicking the KRAS quadruplex, but not the corresponding 4-base mutant sequences or oligonucleotides forming quadruplexes with different structures, competed with the NHPPE duplex for binding to nuclear proteins. When vector pKRS-413, containing CAT driven by the mouse KRAS promoter, and KRAS quadruplex oligonucleotides were co-transfected in 293 cells, the expression of CAT was found to be downregulated to 40% of the control. On the basis of these data, we propose that the NHPPE of KRAS exists in equilibrium between a double-stranded form favouring transcription and a folded quadruplex form, which instead inhibits transcription. Such a mechanism, which is probably adopted by other growth-related genes, provides useful hints for the rational design of anticancer drugs against the KRAS oncogene.

Dataset Information

Structural Analysis of G-Quadruplex Formation at the Human MEST Promoter.

Publications

Structural Analysis of G-Quadruplex Formation at the Human MEST Promoter.

Similar Datasets

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