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Tuning photothermal properties of gold nanodendrites for in vivo cancer therapy within a wide near infrared range by simply controlling their degree of branching.

ABSTRACT: Although dendritic nanoparticles have been prepared by many different methods, control over their degree of branching (DB) is still impossible, preventing us from understanding the effect of the DB on the properties of the nanodendrites as cancer therapeutics. Herein, we developed a novel seed-mediated method to prepare gold nanodendrites (AuNDs) in an organic solvent using long chain amines as a structural directing agent. We discovered that the DB could be tuned facilely by simply adjusting synthetic parameters, such as the solvent type, the type and concentration of the long chain amines. We found that DB tuning resulted in dramatic tunability in the optical properties in the near infrared (NIR) range, which led to significantly different performance in the photothermal cancer therapy. Our in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that AuNDs with a higher DB were more efficient in photothermal tumor destruction under a lower wavelength NIR irradiation. In contrast, those with a lower DB performed better in tumor destruction under a higher wavelength NIR irradiation, indicating that AuNDs of even lower DB should have even better photothermal cancer therapy efficiency within the second NIR window. Thus, the tunable optical properties of AuNDs in the NIR range allow us to selectively determine a suitable laser wavelength for the best cancer therapeutic performance.

SUBMITTER: Qiu P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5214540 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Tuning photothermal properties of gold nanodendrites for in vivo cancer therapy within a wide near infrared range by simply controlling their degree of branching.

Qiu Penghe P Yang Mingying M Qu Xuewei X Huai Yanyan Y Zhu Ye Y Mao Chuanbin C

Biomaterials 20160624

Although dendritic nanoparticles have been prepared by many different methods, control over their degree of branching (DB) is still impossible, preventing us from understanding the effect of the DB on the properties of the nanodendrites as cancer therapeutics. Herein, we developed a novel seed-mediated method to prepare gold nanodendrites (AuNDs) in an organic solvent using long chain amines as a structural directing agent. We discovered that the DB could be tuned facilely by simply adjusting sy ...[more]

PMID: 27449950

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Project description:Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment in which photoactive compounds delivered to cancerous tissues are excited with light and then transfer the absorbed energy to adjacent tissue oxygen molecules to generate toxic singlet oxygen (1O2). As 1O2 is produced only where light and photosensitizers (PSs) are combined, PDT holds promise as a minimally invasive, highly selective treatment for certain cancers. The practical application of PDT requires easily synthesized, water-soluble PSs that have low dark toxicities, high 1O2 quantum yields, and efficient absorption of 650-850 nm near-infrared (NIR) light, which deeply penetrates tissue. We recently developed a linear tetrapyrrole metal complex, Pd[DMBil1]-PEG750, that meets most of these criteria. This complex is remarkably effective as a PS for PDT against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells but, critically, it does not absorb NIR light, which is necessary to treat deeper tumors. To enable NIR activation, we synthesized a new derivative, Pd[DMBil1]-PEG5000-SH, which bears a thiol functionality that facilitates conjugation to NIR-absorbing gold nanoshells (NSs). Upon excitation with pulsed 800 nm light, NSs emit two-photon-induced photoluminescence spanning 500-700 nm, which can sensitize the attached PSs to initiate PDT. Additionally, NSs produce heat upon 800 nm irradiation, endowing the NS-PS conjugates with an auxiliary photothermal therapeutic (PTT) capability. Here, we demonstrate that NS-PS conjugates are potent mediators of NIR-activated tandem PDT/PTT against TNBC cells in vitro. We show that Pd[DMBil1]-PEG5000-SH retains the photophysical properties of the parent Pd[DMBil1] complex, and that NS-PS generate 1O2 under pulsed 800 nm irradiation, confirming activation of the PSs by photoluminescence emitted from NSs. TNBC cells readily internalize NS PS conjugates, which generate reactive oxygen species in the cells upon pulsed NIR irradiation to damage DNA and induce apoptosis. Together, these findings demonstrate that exploiting photoluminescent NSs as carriers of efficient Pd[DMBil1] PSs is an effective strategy to enable NIR light-activated tandem PDT/PTT.

Dataset Information

Tuning photothermal properties of gold nanodendrites for in vivo cancer therapy within a wide near infrared range by simply controlling their degree of branching.

Publications

Tuning photothermal properties of gold nanodendrites for in vivo cancer therapy within a wide near infrared range by simply controlling their degree of branching.

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