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Systematic development of small molecules to inhibit specific microscopic steps of A?42 aggregation in Alzheimer's disease.

ABSTRACT: The aggregation of the 42-residue form of the amyloid-? peptide (A?42) is a pivotal event in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The use of chemical kinetics has recently enabled highly accurate quantifications of the effects of small molecules on specific microscopic steps in A?42 aggregation. Here, we exploit this approach to develop a rational drug discovery strategy against A?42 aggregation that uses as a read-out the changes in the nucleation and elongation rate constants caused by candidate small molecules. We thus identify a pool of compounds that target specific microscopic steps in A?42 aggregation. We then test further these small molecules in human cerebrospinal fluid and in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of AD. Our results show that this strategy represents a powerful approach to identify systematically small molecule lead compounds, thus offering an appealing opportunity to reduce the attrition problem in drug discovery.

SUBMITTER: Habchi J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5240708 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Systematic development of small molecules to inhibit specific microscopic steps of Aβ42 aggregation in Alzheimer's disease.

Habchi Johnny J Chia Sean S Limbocker Ryan R Mannini Benedetta B Ahn Minkoo M Perni Michele M Hansson Oskar O Arosio Paolo P Kumita Janet R JR Challa Pavan Kumar PK Cohen Samuel I A SI Linse Sara S Dobson Christopher M CM Knowles Tuomas P J TP Vendruscolo Michele M

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20161223 2

The aggregation of the 42-residue form of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ42) is a pivotal event in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The use of chemical kinetics has recently enabled highly accurate quantifications of the effects of small molecules on specific microscopic steps in Aβ42 aggregation. Here, we exploit this approach to develop a rational drug discovery strategy against Aβ42 aggregation that uses as a read-out the changes in the nucleation and elongation rate constants caused by candidate small mo ...[more]

PMID: 28011763

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Project description:Chemical equilibria of multimerizations in systems with small numbers of particles exhibit a behavior seemingly at odds with that observed macroscopically. In this paper, we apply the recently proposed expression of equilibrium constant for binding, which includes cross-correlations in reactants' concentrations, to write an equilibrium constant for the formation of clusters larger than two (e.g., trimer, tetramer, and pentamer) as series of two-body reactions. Results obtained by molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that the value of this expression is constant for all concentrations and system sizes, as well as at an onset of a phase transition to an aggregated state, where densities in the system change discontinuously. In contrast, the value of the commonly utilized expression of equilibrium constant, which ignores correlations, is not constant and its variations can reach few orders of magnitude. Considering different paths for the same multimer formation, with elementary reactions of any order, yields different expressions for the equilibrium constant, yet, with exactly the same value. This is also true for routes with essentially zero probability to occur. Existence of different expressions for the same equilibrium constant imposes equalities between averages of correlated, along with uncorrelated, concentrations of participating species. Moreover, a relation between an average particle number and relative fluctuations derived for two-body reactions is found to be obeyed here as well despite couplings to additional equilibrium reactions in the system. Analyses of transfer reactions, where association and dissociation events take place on both sides of the chemical equation, further indicate the necessity to include cross-correlations in the expression of the equilibrium constant. However, in this case, the magnitudes of discrepancies of the uncorrelated expression are smaller, likely because of partial cancellation of correlations, which exist on both the reactant and product sides.

Dataset Information

Systematic development of small molecules to inhibit specific microscopic steps of A?42 aggregation in Alzheimer's disease.

Publications

Systematic development of small molecules to inhibit specific microscopic steps of Aβ42 aggregation in Alzheimer's disease.

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