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Retinal Microvascular Network and Microcirculation Assessments in High Myopia.

ABSTRACT: To investigate the changes of the retinal microvascular network and microcirculation in high myopia.A cross-sectional, matched, comparative clinical study.Twenty eyes of 20 subjects with nonpathological high myopia (28 ± 5 years of age) with a refractive error of -6.31 ± 1.23 D (mean ± SD) and 20 eyes of 20 age- and sex-matched control subjects (30 ± 6 years of age) with a refractive error of -1.40 ± 1.00 D were recruited.Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was used to image the retinal microvascular network, which was later quantified by fractal analysis (box counting [Dbox], representing vessel density) in both superficial and deep vascular plexuses. The Retinal Function Imager was used to image the retinal microvessel blood flow velocity (BFV). The BFV and microvascular density in the myopia group were corrected for ocular magnification using Bennett's formula.The density of both superficial and deep microvascular plexuses was significantly decreased in the myopia group in comparison to the controls (P < .05). The decrease of the microvessel density of the annular zone (0.6-2.5 mm), measured as Dbox, was 2.1% and 2.9% in the superficial and deep vascular plexuses, respectively. Microvessel density reached a plateau from 0.5 mm to 1.25 mm from the fovea in both groups, but that in the myopic group was about 3% lower than the control group. No significant differences were detected between the groups in retinal microvascular BFV in either arterioles or venules (P > .05). Microvascular densities in both superficial (r = -0.45, P = .047) and deep (r = -0.54, P = .01) vascular plexuses were negatively correlated with the axial lengths in the myopic eye. No correlations were observed between BFV and vessel density (P > .05).Retinal microvascular decrease was observed in the high myopia subjects, whereas the retinal microvessel BFV remained unchanged. The retinal microvascular network alteration may be attributed to ocular elongation that occurs with the progression of myopia. The novel quantitative analyses of the retinal microvasculature may help to characterize the underlying pathophysiology of myopia and enable early detection and prevention of myopic retinopathy.

SUBMITTER: Li M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5253241 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Retinal Microvascular Network and Microcirculation Assessments in High Myopia.

Li Min M Yang Ye Y Jiang Hong H Gregori Giovanni G Roisman Luiz L Zheng Fang F Ke Bilian B Qu Dongyi D Wang Jianhua J

American journal of ophthalmology 20161104

<h4>Purpose</h4>To investigate the changes of the retinal microvascular network and microcirculation in high myopia.<h4>Design</h4>A cross-sectional, matched, comparative clinical study.<h4>Participants</h4>Twenty eyes of 20 subjects with nonpathological high myopia (28 ± 5 years of age) with a refractive error of -6.31 ± 1.23 D (mean ± SD) and 20 eyes of 20 age- and sex-matched control subjects (30 ± 6 years of age) with a refractive error of -1.40 ± 1.00 D were recruited.<h4>Methods</h4>Optica ...[more]

PMID: 27818204

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Project description:Juvenile primates develop myopia when their visual experience is degraded by lid fusion. In response to the abnormal visual input, retinal neural networks cause an excessive growth of the postequatorial segment of the eye, but the mechanism underlying this axial elongation is unknown. By combining analysis of gene expression, injection of the thymidine analog 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine and immunocytochemistry, we show that the retinal periphery in both juvenile rhesus macaques and green monkeys harbors a population of mitotically active neuroprogenitor cells that proliferate when the visual experience is altered by lid fusion. Furthermore, the number of dividing cells is highly correlated with the axial elongation of the eye and the resulting myopic refractive error. Thus, the retina undergoes active growth during the postnatal development of the primate eye. This growth is modulated by the visual input and accelerates considerably when the eye develops axial myopia. cDNA subtractions, construction of cDNA libraries and differential screening were performed as previously described (Tkatchenko et al, 2000). Two subtractions were carried out resulting in two cDNA libraries. One library was enriched in clones potentially up-regulated in the retina of the closed eye and the other was enriched in cDNAs potentially down-regulated. One thousand clones from each library were analyzed, and 535 differentially-expressed cDNAs were amplified by PCR and spotted onto glass slides coated with poly-L-lysine (five duplicates for each cDNA). The slides were then processed, hybridized with Cy3- and Cy5-labeled complex cDNA probes and washed in 0.2xSSC as described at http://cmgm.stanford.edu/pbrown/protocols/. Two hybridizations with color swap were carried for each monkey. After hybridization, slides were scanned using a GenePix 4000B microarray scanner (Axon Instruments, Union City, CA). The images were acquired and processed using the GenePix Pro 5.1 software package (Axon Instruments). The data obtained were normalized against GAPDH expression level and mean values (the reported values) and P-values (probability associated with a Student's t-test) were calculated for duplicate experiments (n = 10) with color swap using Microsoft Excel. Genes were defined as differentially regulated if P< 0.05. Cluster analysis was performed using the Genesis software package (provided by Alexander Sturn, Graz University of Technology, Austria).

Dataset Information

Retinal Microvascular Network and Microcirculation Assessments in High Myopia.

Publications

Retinal Microvascular Network and Microcirculation Assessments in High Myopia.

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