Dataset Information

Non-invasive Mapping of Face Processing by Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.

ABSTRACT: Background: Besides motor and language function, tumor resections within the frontal and parietal lobe have also been reported to cause neuropsychological impairment like prosopagnosia. Objective: Since non-navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has previously been used to map neuropsychological cortical function, this study aims to evaluate the feasibility and spatial discrimination of repetitive navigated TMS (rTMS) mapping for detection of face processing impairment in healthy volunteers. The study was also designed to establish this examination for preoperative mapping in brain tumor patients. Methods: Twenty healthy and purely right-handed volunteers (11 female, 9 male) underwent rTMS mapping for cortical face processing function using 5 Hz/10 pulses. Both hemispheres were investigated randomly with an interval of 2 weeks between mapping sessions. Fifty-two predetermined cortical spots of the whole hemispheres were mapped after baseline measurement. The task consisted of 80 portraits of popular persons, which had to be named while rTMS was applied. Results: In 80% of all subjects rTMS elicited naming errors in the right middle middle frontal gyrus (mMFG). Concerning anomia errors, the highest error rate (35%) was achieved in the bilateral triangular inferior frontal gyrus (trIFG). With regard to similarly or wrongly named persons, we observed 10% error rates mainly in the bilateral frontal lobes. Conclusion: It seems feasible to map the cortical face processing function and to generate face processing impairment via rTMS. The observed localizations are well in accordance with the contemporary literature, and the mapping did not interfere with rTMS-induced language impairment. The clinical usefulness of preoperative mapping has to be evaluated subsequently.

SUBMITTER: Maurer S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5253359 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Non-invasive Mapping of Face Processing by Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.

Maurer Stefanie S Giglhuber Katrin K Sollmann Nico N Kelm Anna A Ille Sebastian S Hauck Theresa T Tanigawa Noriko N Ringel Florian F Boeckh-Behrens Tobias T Meyer Bernhard B Krieg Sandro M SM

Frontiers in human neuroscience 20170123

<b>Background:</b> Besides motor and language function, tumor resections within the frontal and parietal lobe have also been reported to cause neuropsychological impairment like prosopagnosia. <b>Objective:</b> Since non-navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has previously been used to map neuropsychological cortical function, this study aims to evaluate the feasibility and spatial discrimination of repetitive navigated TMS (rTMS) mapping for detection of face processing impairment i ...[more]

PMID: 28167906

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Project description:BackgroundVisuospatial attention is executed by the frontoparietal cortical areas of the brain. Damage to these areas can result in visual neglect. We therefore aimed to assess a combination of the greyscales task and repetitive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to identify cortical regions involved in visuospatial attention processes. This pilot study was designed to evaluate an approach in a cohort of healthy volunteers, with the future aim of using this technique to map brain tumor patients before surgery. Ten healthy, right-handed subjects underwent rTMS mapping of 52 cortical spots in both hemispheres. The greyscales task was presented tachistoscopically and was time-locked to rTMS pulses. The task pictures showed pairs of horizontal rectangles shaded continuously from black at one end to white at the other, mirror-reversed. On each picture the subject was asked to report which of the two greyscales appeared darker overall. The responses were categorized into "leftward" and "rightward," depending on whether the subject had chosen the rectangle with the darker end on the left or the right. rTMS applied to cortical areas involved in visuospatial attention is supposed to affect lateral shifts in spatial bias. These shifts result in an altered performance on the greyscales task compared to the baseline performance without rTMS stimulation.ResultsIn baseline conditions, 9/10 subjects showed classic pseudoneglect to the left. Leftward effects also occurred more often in mapping conditions. Yet, calculated rightward deviations were strikingly greater in magnitude (p?<?0.0001). Overall, the right hemisphere was found to be more suggestible than the left hemisphere. Both rightward and leftward deviation scores were higher for the rTMS of this brain side (p?<?0.0001). Right hemispheric distributions accord well with current models of visuospatial attention (Corbetta et al. Nat Neurosci 8(11):1603-1610, 2005). We observed leftward deviations triggered by rTMS within superior frontal and posterior parietal areas and rightward deviations within inferior frontal areas and the temporoparietal junction (TPJ).ConclusionThe greyscales task, in combination with rTMS, yields encouraging results in the examination of the visuospatial attention function. Future clinical implications should be evaluated.

Project description:Purpose:An increase in resting motor threshold (RMT), prolonged cortical silent period duration (CSP), and reduced short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI), confirmed with previous transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), suggest decreased cortical excitability in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The present study included MRI of OSAS patients for navigated TMS assessment of the RMT, as an index of the threshold for corticospinal activation at rest, and SAI as an index of cholinergic neurotransmission. We hypothesize to confirm findings on SAI and RMT with adding precision in the targeting of motor cortex in OSAS. Subjects and Methods:After acquiring head MRIs for 17 severe right-handed OSAS and 12 healthy subjects, the motor cortex was mapped with nTMS to assess the RMT and SAI, with motor evoked potentials (MEPs) recorded from the abductor-pollicis brevis (APB) muscle. The 120%RMT intensity was used for the SAI by a paired-pulse paradigm in which the electrical stimulation to the median nerve is followed by magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex at inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs) of 18-28 ms (ISIs18-28). The SAI control condition included a recording of MEPs without peripheral stimulation. Latency and amplitude of MEP at RMT at 120%RMT for eleven different at ISIs18-28 were analyzed. Results:The study showed a significantly lower percentage deviation of MEP amplitude at ISIs(18-28ms) from the control condition between OSAS and healthy subjects (U=44.0, p=0.01). The intensity of stimulation at RMT was significantly higher in OSAS subjects (U=55.0, p=0.04*). Correlation analysis showed that BMI significantly negatively correlated (?=-0.47) with MEP amplitude percentage deviation in OSAS patients. Conclusion:The nTMS study results in increased RMT, and reduced cortical afferent inhibition in OSAS patients for SAI at ISIs18-28, confirming previous findings of impaired cortical afferent inhibition in OSAS. Future nTMS studies are desirable to elucidate the role of RMT and SAI in diagnostics and treatment of OSAS, and to elucidate the usefulness of nTMS in OSAS research.

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Non-invasive Mapping of Face Processing by Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.

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Non-invasive Mapping of Face Processing by Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.

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