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Nanoscale Topography on Black Titanium Imparts Multi-biofunctional Properties for Orthopedic Applications.

ABSTRACT: We have developed a chlorine based reactive ion etching process to yield randomly oriented anisotropic nanostructures that render the titanium metal surface 'black' similar to that of black silicon. The surface appears black due to the nanostructures in contrast to the conventional shiny surface of titanium. The nanostructures were found to kill bacteria on contact by mechanically rupturing the cells as has been observed previously on wings of certain insects. The etching was optimized to yield nanostructures of ?1??m height for maximal bactericidal efficiency without compromising cytocompatibility. Within 4?hours of contact with the black titanium surface, 95%?±?5% of E. coli, 98%?±?2% of P. aeruginosa, 92%?±?5% of M. smegmatis and 22%?±?8% of S. aureus cells that had attached were killed. The killing efficiency for the S. aureus increased to 76%?±?4% when the cells were allowed to adhere up to 24?hours. The black titanium supported the attachment and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells and augmented osteogenic lineage commitment in vitro. Thus, the bioinspired nanostructures on black titanium impart multi-biofunctional properties toward engineering the next-generation biomaterials for orthopedic implants.

SUBMITTER: Hasan J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5253769 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Nanoscale Topography on Black Titanium Imparts Multi-biofunctional Properties for Orthopedic Applications.

Hasan Jafar J Jain Shubham S Chatterjee Kaushik K

Scientific reports 20170123

We have developed a chlorine based reactive ion etching process to yield randomly oriented anisotropic nanostructures that render the titanium metal surface 'black' similar to that of black silicon. The surface appears black due to the nanostructures in contrast to the conventional shiny surface of titanium. The nanostructures were found to kill bacteria on contact by mechanically rupturing the cells as has been observed previously on wings of certain insects. The etching was optimized to yield ...[more]

PMID: 28112235

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Project description:Orthopedic implant failure due to aseptic loosening and mechanical instability remains a major problem in total joint replacement. Improving osseointegration at the bone-implant interface may reduce micromotion and loosening. Bone sialoprotein (BSP) has been shown to enhance bone formation when coated onto titanium femoral implants and in rat calvarial defect models. However, the most appropriate method of BSP coating, the necessary level of BSP coating, and the effect of BSP coating on cell behavior remain largely unknown. In this study, BSP was covalently coupled to titanium surfaces via an aminosilane linker (APTES), and its properties were compared to BSP applied to titanium via physisorption and untreated titanium. Cell functions were examined using primary human osteoblasts (hOBs) and L929 mouse fibroblasts. Gene expression of specific bone turnover markers at the RNA level was detected at different intervals. Cell adhesion to titanium surfaces treated with BSP via physisorption was not significantly different from that of untreated titanium at any time point, whereas BSP application via covalent coupling caused reduced cell adhesion during the first few hours in culture. Cell migration was increased on titanium disks that were treated with higher concentrations of BSP solution, independent of the coating method. During the early phases of hOB proliferation, a suppressive effect of BSP was observed independent of its concentration, particularly when BSP was applied to the titanium surface via physisorption. Although alkaline phosphatase activity was reduced in the BSP-coated titanium groups after 4 days in culture, increased calcium deposition was observed after 21 days. In particular, the gene expression level of RUNX2 was upregulated by BSP. The increase in calcium deposition and the stimulation of cell differentiation induced by BSP highlight its potential as a surface modifier that could enhance the osseointegration of orthopedic implants. Both physisorption and covalent coupling of BSP are similarly effective, feasible methods, although a higher BSP concentration is recommended.

Dataset Information

Nanoscale Topography on Black Titanium Imparts Multi-biofunctional Properties for Orthopedic Applications.

Publications

Nanoscale Topography on Black Titanium Imparts Multi-biofunctional Properties for Orthopedic Applications.

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