Novel mutations within the embB gene in ethambutol-susceptible clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Lee AS
PROVIDER: S-EPMC525425 | biostudies-literature | 2004 Nov
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Novel mutations within the embB gene in ethambutol-susceptible clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Lee Ann S G AS Othman Siti Noor Khadijah SN Ho Yu Min YM Wong Sin Yew SY
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 20041101 11
Genetic analysis of the embB gene revealed mutations in 17 (68%) of 25 ethambutol (EMB) resistant isolates (M306I, M306V, M306L, Q497R) but also in 4 (20%) of 20 EMB-susceptible isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, namely, an ATG-->ATM substitution resulting in M306I, G406N, and the novel alterations M423I and A659T. ...[more]
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Project description:Ethambutol (EMB) continues to be used as part of a standard drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Mutations in the embB gene and those within its conserved EMB resistance determining region (ERDR) in particular have repeatedly been associated with resistance to EMB in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to examine the mutational "hot spots" in the embB gene, including the ERDR, among multidrug-resistant (MDR) M. tuberculosis clinical isolates and to find a possible association between embB mutations and resistance to EMB. An 863-bp fragment of the embB gene was sequenced in 17 EMB-resistant and 33 EMB-susceptible MDR-TB isolates. In total, eight embB mutation types were detected in 6 distinct codons of 27 (54%) M. tuberculosis isolates. Mutations in codon 306 were most common, found in both EMB-resistant (9) and EMB-susceptible (11) isolates. Only mutations in codons 406 and 507 were found exclusively in four and one EMB-resistant isolates, respectively. Sequence analysis of the ERDR in the embB gene is not sufficient for rapid detection of EMB resistance, and the codon 306 mutations are not good predictive markers of resistance to EMB.
| S-EPMC3874334 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Ethambutol [(S,S')-2,2'-(ethylenediimino)di-1-butanol; EMB], is a first-line drug used to treat tuberculosis. To gain insight into the molecular basis of EMB resistance, we characterized the 10-kb embCAB locus in 16 EMB-resistant and 3 EMB-susceptible genetically distinct Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from diverse localities by automated DNA sequencing and single-stranded conformation polymorphism analysis. All 19 organisms had virtually identical sequences for the entire 10-kb region. Eight EMB-resistant organisms had mutations located in codon 306 of embB that resulted in the replacement of the wild-type Met residue with Ile or Val. Automated sequence analysis of the 5' region (1,892 bp) of embB in an additional 69 EMB-resistant and 30 EMB-susceptible M. tuberculosis isolates from diverse geographic localities and representing 70 distinct IS6110 fingerprints confirmed the unique association of substitutions in amino acid residue 306 of EmbB with EMB resistance. Six other embB nucleotide substitutions resulting in four amino acid replacements were uniquely found in resistant strains. Sixty-nine percent of epidemiologically unassociated EMB-resistant organisms had an amino acid substitution not found in susceptible strains, and most (89%) replacements occurred at amino acid residue 306 of EmbB. For strains with the Met306Leu or Met306Val replacements EMB MICs were generally higher (40 microg/ml) than those for organisms with Met306Ile substitutions (20 microg/ml). The data are consistent with the idea that amino acid substitutions in EmbB alter the drug-protein interaction and thereby cause EMB resistance.
| S-EPMC163984 | biostudies-other
Project description:Implicated as a major mechanism of ethambutol (EMB) resistance in clinical studies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mutations in codon 306 of the embB gene (embB306) have also been detected in EMB-susceptible clinical isolates. Other studies have found strong associations between embB306 mutations and multidrug resistance, but not EMB resistance. We performed allelic exchange studies in EMB-susceptible and EMB-resistant clinical M. tuberculosis isolates to identify the role of embB306 mutations in any type of drug resistance. Replacing wild-type embB306 ATG from EMB-susceptible clinical M. tuberculosis strain 210 with embB306 ATA, ATC, CTG, or GTG increased the EMB MIC from 2 microg/ml to 7, 7, 8.5, and 14 microg/ml, respectively. Replacing embB306 ATC or GTG from two high-level EMB-resistant clinical strains with wild-type ATG lowered EMB MICs from 20 microg/ml or 28 microg/ml, respectively, to 3 microg/ml. All parental and isogenic mutant strains had identical isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF) MICs. However, embB306 CTG mutants had growth advantages compared to strain 210 at sub-MICs of INH or RIF in monocultures and at sub-MICs of INH in competition assays. CTG mutants were also more resistant to the additive or synergistic activities of INH, RIF, or EMB used in different combinations. These results demonstrate that embB306 mutations cause an increase in the EMB MIC, a variable degree of EMB resistance, and are necessary but not sufficient for high-level EMB resistance. The unusual growth property of embB306 mutants in other antibiotics suggests that they may be amplified during treatment in humans and that a single mutation may affect antibiotic susceptibility against multiple first-line antibiotics.
| S-EPMC2415778 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In this study, our objectives was to analyze the molecular characteristics of mutation at embB codon306 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Qingdao by pyrosequencing technology, and to assess the value of embB codon306 used as a molecular marker to diagnose multidrug resistant (MDR) TB strains. Pyrosequencing was used to detect mutations at embB codon306 among M. tuberculosis isolates from tuberculosis (TB) patients in Qingdao. The correlation between embB306 mutation and MDR phenotype was evaluated by comparing with conventional drug susceptibility testing results. 60.9% of MDR strains and 15.2% of non-MDR strains carried embB306 mutation, respectively. The percentage of MDR-TB harboring embB306 mutation was significantly higher than that of non- MDR-TB (χ(2)=15.09, P < 0.01). EmbB306 mutation serving as a marker to diagnose MDR-TB comparing with the traditional susceptibility test, the specificity, sensitivity and accuracy were 85%, 61%, and 77%, respectively. EmbB306 mutation is the main mechanism of TB resistance to multidrug in Qingdao, showing an association with the MDR. Pyrosequencing should be a good diagnostic tool for MDR-TB in Qingdao.
| S-EPMC4565318 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTo determine the association between embB mutations and drug resistance, and to further investigate the mechanism of embB mutations involved in the development of ethambutol and multidrug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.MethodsOne hundred and thirty-eight multidrug-resistant clinical M. tuberculosis isolates, including 86 ethambutol-resistant and 52 ethambutol-susceptible strains, were analysed to characterize mutations within the entire coding region of the embB gene. Moreover, a two-step genotyping was performed to identify the genetic lineage.ResultsIn total, 27 embB mutation types were detected in 19 distinct codons. Though a strong association was observed between embB mutations and ethambutol resistance, 19.2% of embB306 mutants and 11.5% of embB406 or embB497 mutants were ethambutol susceptible. Among 39 ethambutol-resistant strains without embB306 mutations, 51.3% harboured mutations at codons 406 or 497. Particularly, three pairs of isolates with identical embB mutations and genotyping features were identified with variant ethambutol susceptibility. Among 77 isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin and ethambutol quadruple drug-resistant isolates, 89.6% carried embB mutations and 83.1% could be identified by detecting 10 embB mutations.ConclusionsOur results suggest embB mutations alone are not sufficient for the development of full resistance to ethambutol in M. tuberculosis and mutations other than embB are also needed. Our study confirms the importance of mutations at embB406 and embB497 as hotspots, in addition to embB306, for detecting ethambutol resistance. Ten selected mutations of embB, covered by a short PCR product, can be used as candidate markers for the prediction of quadruple resistance to isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin and ethambutol.
| S-EPMC3172039 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The EmbCAB proteins have been considered a target for ethambutol (EMB). Mutations in embCAB are known to confer most EMB resistance. However, the knowledge about the effects of embCAB mutations on the EMB resistance level and about the role of mutation-mutation interactions is limited in China. Here, we sequenced embCAB among 125 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from China and quantified their EMB MICs by testing growth at 10 concentrations. Furthermore, a multivariate regression model was established to assess the effects of both individual mutations and multiple mutations. Our results revealed that in China, 82.6% of EMB-resistant isolates (71/86 isolates) harbored at least one mutation within embCAB Most of the mutations were located in the embB and embA upstream region. Several individual mutations and multiple mutations within this region contributed to the different levels of EMB resistance. Their effects were statistically significant. Additionally, there was an association between high-level EMB resistance and multiple mutations.
| S-EPMC5740351 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Ethambutol (EMB) is an essential first-line drug for tuberculosis (TB) treatment. Nucleotide substitutions at embB codon 306 (embB306) have been proposed to be a potential marker for EMB resistance and a predictor of broad drug resistance in clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. However, discordant findings about the association between embB306 mutations and EMB resistance were reported. Hebei Province is located in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration region in China; however, little information about the genetic diversity of the embB locus in this area is available. In this study, we sequenced the region surrounding embB306 (codons 207 to 445) in 62 ethambutol-resistant (EMBr) isolates, 214 ethambutol-susceptible isolates resistant to other first-line drugs (EMBs isolates), and 100 pan-sensitive isolates. Our data indicated that none of the pan-sensitive isolates showed mutations at embB306 and 63 drug-resistant isolates harbored embB306 substitutions, with these substitutions being found in 56.5% (35/62) of EMBr isolates and 13.1% (28/214) of EMBs isolates. A significant association between the embB306 mutation and resistance to isoniazid, rifampin, EMB, and multiple drugs was observed, and the rate of mutation of embB306 increased with increasing numbers of first-line drugs to which the isolates were resistant. The embB306 mutation is not the sole causative factor for EMB resistance, and the poor sensitivity limits its utility as a marker for drug-resistant TB. However, it may be a potential marker for broad drug resistance, especially for multidrug resistance. The mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable-number tandem-repeat profiles may serve as markers for predicting the embB306 substitutions that may occur in drug-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates under antimicrobial selection pressure.
| S-EPMC5119010 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To better understand the molecular mechanisms of Ethambutol (EMB) resistance, the mutant hot spot region of five genes (embB, embA, embC, embR, and ubiA) was amplified and sequenced in 109 EMB-resistant and 153 EMB-susceptible clinical isolates from China. Twenty-seven EMB-susceptible isolates were found to have nonsynonym mutations, 23 of which were in embB. The mutations occurred most frequently in embB (85.3%, 93) and were seldom in embC (2.8%, 3), embA (3.7%, 4), embR (3.7%, 4), and ubiA (8.3%, 9) in EMB-resistant isolates. For the embB gene, 63 isolates showed mutations at embB306, 20 at embB406, nine at embB497, and five at embB354 in EMB-resistant isolates. In addition, the particular mutants at embB406 and embB497 indicated both high levels of EMB resistance (MICs > 5 μg/mL) and broad anti-TB drug resistance spectrums. Our data supported the facts that embB306 could be used as a marker for EMB resistance with a sensitivity of 57.8% and a specificity of 78.8%.
| S-EPMC4568347 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Ethambutol (EMB) plays a pivotal role in the chemotherapy of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), including multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Resistance to EMB is considered to be caused by mutations in the embCAB operon (embC, embA, and embB). In this study, we analyzed the embCAB mutations among 139 MDR-TB isolates from China and found a possible association between embCAB operon mutation and EMB resistance. Our data indicate that 56.8% of MDR-TB isolates are resistant to EMB, and 82.2% of EMB-resistant isolates belong to the Beijing family. Overall, 110 (79.1%) MDR-TB isolates had at least one mutation in the embCAB operon. The majority of mutations were present in the embB gene and the embA upstream region, which also displayed significant correlations with EMB resistance. The most common mutations occurred at codon 306 in embB (embB306), followed by embB406, embA(-16), and embB497. Mutations at embB306 were associated with EMB resistance. DNA sequencing of embB306-497 was the best strategy for detecting EMB resistance, with 89.9% sensitivity, 58.3% specificity, and 76.3% accuracy. Additionally, embB306 had limited value as a candidate predictor for EMB resistance among MDR-TB infections in China.
| S-EPMC4356784 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundEthambutol (EMB) is a first-line drug for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Resistance to EMB in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates is mediated by mutations in several genes involved in arabinan synthesis notably three emb (arabinosyl transferase) and iniA (isoniazid-inducible) genes. Most epidemiologically unrelated EMB-resistant M. tuberculosis strains contain mutations at embB codons 306, 406 and 497, embC-embA intergenic region (IGR) and iniA codon 501 (iniA501).ObjectiveTo develop a more comprehensive molecular screen for EMB-resistance detection among epidemiologically unrelated EMB-resistant M. tuberculosis strains previously analyzed for embB codon 306, 406 and 497 mutations by including analysis of mutations at iniA501 and in embC-embA IGR.MethodsFifty consecutive and phenotypically documented EMB-resistant and 25 pansusceptible M. tuberculosis strains isolated from 75 different TB patients over a four-year period in Kuwait were analyzed. Mutations at iniA501 were detected by PCR amplification followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns generated with Hpy 99 I. Direct DNA sequencing was used to confirm RFLP results and for detecting mutations in embC-embA IGR.ResultsNearly same number of EMB-resistant M. tuberculosis strains were resistant to EMB alone and EMB together with additional resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid (9 of 50, 18% and 11 of 50, 22%, respectively). All the 25 pansusceptible strains contained wild-type sequences at iniA501 and in embC-embA IGR. The analysis of 50 EMB-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates showed that only one strain contained a mutated iniA501 while no mutation was detected in embC-embA IGR in any of the isolate.ConclusionAnalysis of iniA501 and embC-embA IGR in epidemiologically unrelated EMB-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates in Kuwait indicate that mutations at these locations occur very infrequently and their inclusion for the development of a comprehensive molecular screen will make only minor contribution towards rapid EMB resistance detection.
| S-EPMC2634755 | biostudies-literature