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Metabolic Flexibility of Yarrowia lipolytica Growing on Glycerol.

ABSTRACT: The yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is a fascinating microorganism with an amazing metabolic flexibility. This yeast grows very well on a wide variety of carbon sources from alkanes over lipids, to sugars and glycerol. Y. lipolytica accumulates a wide array of industrially relevant metabolites. It is very tolerant to many environmental factors, above all the pH value. It grows perfectly well over a wide pH range, but it has been described, that the pH has a decisive influence on the metabolite pattern accumulated by this yeast. Here, we set out to characterize the metabolism of different Y. lipolytica strains, isolated from various environments, growing on glycerol at different pH values. The conditions applied for strain characterization are of utmost importance. Shake flask cultures lead to very different results, when compared to controlled conditions in bioreactors regarding pH and aeration. Only one of the tested strains was able to accumulate high amounts of citric acid in shake flask experiments, whereas a group of six strains turned out to accumulate citric acid efficiently under controlled conditions. The present study shows that strains isolated from dairy products predominantly accumulate sugar alcohols at any given pH, when grown on glycerol under nitrogen-limitation.

SUBMITTER: Egermeier M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5258708 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Metabolic Flexibility of Yarrowia lipolytica Growing on Glycerol.

Egermeier Michael M Russmayer Hannes H Sauer Michael M Marx Hans H

Frontiers in microbiology 20170124

The yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is a fascinating microorganism with an amazing metabolic flexibility. This yeast grows very well on a wide variety of carbon sources from alkanes over lipids, to sugars and glycerol. Y. lipolytica accumulates a wide array of industrially relevant metabolites. It is very tolerant to many environmental factors, above all the pH value. It grows perfectly well over a wide pH range, but it has been described, that the pH has a decisive influence on the meta ...[more]

PMID: 28174563

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Project description:BackgroundSugar alcohols are widely used as low-calorie sweeteners in the food and pharmaceutical industries. They can also be transformed into platform chemicals. Yarrowia lipolytica, an oleaginous yeast, is a promising host for producing many sugar alcohols. In this work, we tested whether heterologous expression of a recently identified sugar alcohol phosphatase (PYP) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae would increase sugar alcohol production in Y. lipolytica.ResultsY. lipolytica was found natively to produce erythritol, mannitol, and arabitol during growth on glucose, fructose, mannose, and glycerol. Osmotic stress is known to increase sugar alcohol production, and was found to significantly increase erythritol production during growth on glycerol. To better understand erythritol production from glycerol, since it was the most promising sugar alcohol, we measured the expression of key genes and intracellular metabolites. Osmotic stress increased the expression of several key genes in the glycerol catabolic pathway and the pentose phosphate pathway. Analysis of intracellular metabolites revealed that amino acids, sugar alcohols, and polyamines are produced at higher levels in response to osmotic stress. Heterologous overexpression of the sugar alcohol phosphatase increased erythritol production and glycerol utilization in Y. lipolytica. We further increased erythritol production by increasing the expression of native glycerol kinase (GK), and transketolase (TKL). This strain was able to produce 27.5 ± 0.7 g/L erythritol from glycerol during batch growth and 58.8 ± 1.68 g/L erythritol during fed-batch growth in shake-flasks experiments. In addition, the glycerol utilization was increased by 2.5-fold. We were also able to demonstrate that this strain efficiently produces erythritol from crude glycerol, a major byproduct of the biodiesel production.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the application of a promising enzyme for increasing erythritol production in Y. lipolytica. We were further able to boost production by combining the expression of this enzyme with other approaches known to increase erythritol production in Y. lipolytica. This suggest that this new enzyme provides an orthogonal route for boosting production and can be stacked with existing designs known to increase sugar alcohol production in yeast such as Y. lipolytica. Collectively, this work establishes a new route for increasing sugar alcohol production and further develops Y. lipolytica as a promising host for erythritol production from cheap substrates such as glycerol.

Project description:BackgroundHigh supply of raw, residual glycerol from biodiesel production plants promote the search for novel biotechnological methods of its utilization. In this study we attempted modification of glycerol catabolism in a nonconventional yeast species Yarrowia lipolytica through genetic engineering approach.ResultsTo address this, we developed a novel genetic construct which allows transferring three heterologous genes, encoding glycerol dehydratase, its reactivator and a wide-spectrum alcohol oxidoreductase under the control of glycerol-induced promoter. The three genes, tandemly arrayed in an expression cassette with a marker gene ura3, regulatory and targeting sequences (G3P dh promoter and XPR-like terminator, 28S rDNA as a target locus), were transferred into Yarrowia lipolytica cells. The obtained recombinant strain NCYC3825 was characterized at the molecular level and with respect to its biotechnological potential. Our experiments indicated that the novel recombinant strain stably borne one copy of the expression cassette and efficiently expressed heterologous alcohol oxidoreductase, while glycerol dehydratase and its reactivator were expressed at lower level. Comparative shake flask cultivations in glucose- and glycerol-based media demonstrated higher biomass production by the recombinant strain when glycerol was the main carbon source. During bioreactor (5 L) fed-batch cultivation in glycerol-based medium, the recombinant strain was characterized by relatively high biomass and lipids accumulation (up to 42 gDCW L(-1), and a peak value of 38%LIPIDS of DCW, respectively), and production of high titers of citric acid (59 g L(-1)) and 2-phenylethanol (up to 1 g L(-1) in shake flask cultivation), which are industrially attractive bioproducts.ConclusionsDue to heterogeneous nature of the observed alterations, we postulate that the main driving force of the modified phenotype was faster growth in glycerol-based media, triggered by modifications in the red-ox balance brought by the wide spectrum oxidoreductase. Our results demonstrate the potential multidirectional use of a novel Yarrowia lipolytica strain as a microbial cell factory.

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Metabolic Flexibility of Yarrowia lipolytica Growing on Glycerol.

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Metabolic Flexibility of <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> Growing on Glycerol.

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