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Effects of acute and chronic exercise on the osmotic stability of erythrocyte membrane of competitive swimmers.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of acute and chronic exercise on erythrocyte membrane stability and various blood indices in a population consisting of five national-level male swimmers, over 18 weeks of training. The evaluations were made at the beginning and end of the 1st, 7th, 13th and 18th weeks, when volume and training intensity have changed. The effects manifested at the beginning of those weeks were considered due to chronic adaptations, while the effects observed at the end of the weeks were considered due to acute manifestations of the exercise load of that week. Acute changes resulting from the exercise comprised increases in creatine kinase activity (CK) and leukocyte count (Leu), and decrease in hematocrit (Ht) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), at the end of the first week; increase in the activities of CK and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), in the uric acid (UA) concentration and Leu count, at the end of the seventh week; increases in CK and LDH activities and in the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), at the end of the 13th week; and decrease in the value of the osmotic stability index 1/H50 and increases in the CK activity and platelets (Plt) count, at the end of the 18th week. Chronic changes due to training comprised increase in the values of 1/H50, CK, LDH, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), serum iron (Fe), MCV and Plt. Although acute training has resulted in decrease in the osmotic stability of erythrocytes, possibly associated with exacerbation of the oxidative processes during intense exercise, chronic training over 18 weeks resulted in increased osmotic stability of erythrocytes, possibly by modulation in the membrane cholesterol content by low and high density lipoproteins.

SUBMITTER: Paraiso LF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5289559 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of acute and chronic exercise on the osmotic stability of erythrocyte membrane of competitive swimmers.

Paraiso Lara Ferreira LF Gonçalves-E-Oliveira Ana Flávia Mayrink AF Cunha Lucas Moreira LM de Almeida Neto Omar Pereira OP Pacheco Adriana Garcia AG Araújo Karinne Beatriz Gonçalves KB Garrote-Filho Mário da Silva MD Bernardino Neto Morun M Penha-Silva Nilson N

PloS one 20170202 2

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of acute and chronic exercise on erythrocyte membrane stability and various blood indices in a population consisting of five national-level male swimmers, over 18 weeks of training. The evaluations were made at the beginning and end of the 1st, 7th, 13th and 18th weeks, when volume and training intensity have changed. The effects manifested at the beginning of those weeks were considered due to chronic adaptations, while the effects observed at the end ...[more]

PMID: 28151958

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Project description:BACKGROUND:This study examined the effects of whey protein supplementation, compared with an isocaloric carbohydrate beverage and water, consumed immediately following an intense swimming trial on bone turnover in adolescent swimmers. METHODS:Fifty-eight (31 female, 27 male) swimmers (14.1?±?0.4?years) were stratified into three groups matched for age, sex and body mass. The protein and carbohydrate groups consumed two isocaloric post-exercise beverages each containing 0.3?g.kg-?1 of whey protein (with ~?6?mg of calcium) or maltodextrin while the control group consumed water. Participants provided a morning, fasted, resting blood sample, then performed an intense swimming trial consisting of a maximal 200?m swim followed by a high intensity interval swimming protocol (5x100m, 5x50m and 5x25m; 1:1 work-to-rest ratio). Following swimming, they consumed their first respective post-exercise beverage, and 2?h later, they performed a second maximal swim immediately followed by the second beverage. Approximately 3?h after the second beverage, two post-consumption blood samples were collected at 8?h and 24?h from baseline. Procollagen type 1 intact N-terminal propeptide (PINP) and carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTXI) were measured in serum. The multiples of medians of PINP and CTXI were also used to calculate bone turnover rate and balance. RESULTS:No significant changes were observed in PINP. CTXI increased (+?11%) at 8?h in all groups, but then significantly decreased (-?22%) at 24?h in the protein group only. The protein group also had a significantly higher calculated rate of bone turnover at 8?h and 24?h compared to baseline, which was not observed in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS:These results shed light on the potential importance of protein consumed shortly after intense swimming in promoting positive bone turnover responses up to 24?h following exercise in adolescent athletes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov PRS; NCT04114045. Registered 1 October 2019 - Retrospectively registered.

Project description:ContextShoulder pain is the main cause of missed or modified training in competitive swimmers. Shoulder musculoskeletal maladaptations occur to some extent as a consequence of training loads during swimming that may increase the risk of shoulder injury. Further evidence is needed to understand the training intensities at which these maladaptations occur.ObjectiveTo determine the acute effect of training intensity on the shoulder musculoskeletal physical qualities associated with shoulder injury in competitive swimmers.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingIndoor swimming pool.Patients or other participantsSixteen asymptomatic national- and regional-level swimmers (7 females, 9 males; age = 14.6 ± 3.9 years, height = 160.5 ± 12.7 cm, mass = 55.3 ± 12.5 kg).Main outcome measure(s)Bilateral active shoulder-rotation range of motion (ROM), joint position sense, latissimus dorsi length, combined elevation test, and shoulder-rotation isometric peak torque and handgrip peak force normalized to body weight were measured before and immediately after low- and high-intensity swim-training sessions. The intensity of the sessions was determined by the distance swum over or at the pace threshold and confirmed by the swimmer's rating of perceived exertion.ResultsAfter the high-intensity training session, shoulder external-rotation ROM (dominant side: P < .001, change = -7.8°; d = 1.10; nondominant side: P = .002, change = -6.5°, d = 1.02), internal-rotator isometric peak torque (dominant side: P < .001, change = -11.4%, d = 0.42; nondominant side: P = .03, change = -6.6%, d = 0.20), and external-rotator isometric peak torque (dominant side: P = .004, change = -8.7%, d = 0.27; nondominant side: P = .02, change = -7.6%, d = 0.25) were reduced. No changes were found in any of the outcome measures after the low-intensity session.ConclusionsShoulder active external-rotation ROM and rotation isometric peak torque were decreased immediately after a high-intensity training session, possibly increasing the risk of injury during subsequent training. Monitoring these variables may help practitioners adjust and manage training loads to decrease the risk of shoulder injury.

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Effects of acute and chronic exercise on the osmotic stability of erythrocyte membrane of competitive swimmers.

Publications

Effects of acute and chronic exercise on the osmotic stability of erythrocyte membrane of competitive swimmers.

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