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Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Ameliorates Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms and Improves Replicative Senescence-Associated Oxidative Stress in Human Myoblasts.

ABSTRACT: During aging, oxidative stress affects the normal function of satellite cells, with consequent regeneration defects that lead to sarcopenia. This study aimed to evaluate tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) modulation in reestablishing the oxidative status of myoblasts during replicative senescence and to compare the effects of TRF with other antioxidants (?-tocopherol (ATF) and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC)). Primary human myoblasts were cultured to young, presenescent, and senescent phases. The cells were treated with antioxidants for 24?h, followed by the assessment of free radical generation, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme mRNA expression and activities, and the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione. Our data showed that replicative senescence increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation in myoblasts. Treatment with TRF significantly diminished ROS production and decreased lipid peroxidation in senescent myoblasts. Moreover, the gene expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD2), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) was modulated by TRF treatment, with increased activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase and reduced glutathione peroxidase in senescent myoblasts. In comparison to ATF and NAC, TRF was more efficient in heightening the antioxidant capacity and reducing free radical insults. These results suggested that TRF is able to ameliorate antioxidant defense mechanisms and improves replicative senescence-associated oxidative stress in myoblasts.

SUBMITTER: Khor SC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5294752 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Ameliorates Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms and Improves Replicative Senescence-Associated Oxidative Stress in Human Myoblasts.

Khor Shy Cian SC Wan Ngah Wan Zurinah WZ Mohd Yusof Yasmin Anum YA Abdul Karim Norwahidah N Makpol Suzana S

Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 20170124

During aging, oxidative stress affects the normal function of satellite cells, with consequent regeneration defects that lead to sarcopenia. This study aimed to evaluate tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) modulation in reestablishing the oxidative status of myoblasts during replicative senescence and to compare the effects of TRF with other antioxidants (<i>α</i>-tocopherol (ATF) and <i>N</i>-acetyl-cysteine (NAC)). Primary human myoblasts were cultured to young, presenescent, and senescent phases. ...[more]

PMID: 28243354

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Several natural products have been reported to elicit beneficial effects against neurodegenerative disorders due to their vitamin E contents. However, the neuroprotective efficacy of palm oil or its tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) from the pre-clinical cell and animal studies have not been systematically reviewed. METHODS:The protocol for this systematic review was registered in "PROSPERO" (CRD42019150408). This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) descriptors of PubMed with Boolean operators were used to construct keywords, including ("Palm Oil"[Mesh]) AND "Nervous System"[Mesh], ("Palm Oil"[Mesh]) AND "Neurodegenerative Diseases"[Mesh], ("Palm Oil"[Mesh]) AND "Brain"[Mesh], and ("Palm Oil"[Mesh]) AND "Cognition"[Mesh], to retrieve the pertinent records from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ScienceDirect from 1990 to 2019, while bibliographies, ProQuest and Google Scholar were searched to ensure a comprehensive identification of relevant articles. Two independent investigators were involved at every stage of the systematic review, while discrepancies were resolved through discussion with a third investigator. RESULTS:All of the 18 included studies in this review (10 animal and eight cell studies) showed that palm oil and TRF enhanced the cognitive performance of healthy animals. In diabetes-induced rats, TRF and ?-tocotrienol enhanced cognitive function and exerted antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities, while in a transgenic Alzheimer's disease (AD) animal model, TRF enhanced the cognitive function and reduced the deposition of ?-amyloid by altering the expression of several genes related to AD and neuroprotection. In cell studies, simultaneous treatment with ?-tocotrienols and neurotoxins improved the redox status in neuronal cells better than ?- and ?-tocotrienols. Both pre-treatment and post-treatment with ?-tocotrienol relative to oxidative insults were able to enhance the survival of neuronal cells via increased antioxidant responses. CONCLUSIONS:Palm oil and its TRF enhanced the cognitive functions of healthy animals, while TRF and ?-tocotrienol enhanced the cognitive performance with attenuation of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and apoptosis in diabetes-induced or transgenic AD animal models. In cell studies, TRF and ?-tocotrienol exerted prophylactic neuroprotective effects, while ?-tocotrienol exerted therapeutic neuroprotective effects that were superior to those of ?- and ?-tocotrienol isomers.

Dataset Information

Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Ameliorates Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms and Improves Replicative Senescence-Associated Oxidative Stress in Human Myoblasts.

Publications

Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Ameliorates Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms and Improves Replicative Senescence-Associated Oxidative Stress in Human Myoblasts.

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