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A high throughput mutagenic analysis of yeast sumo structure and function.

ABSTRACT: Sumoylation regulates a wide range of essential cellular functions through diverse mechanisms that remain to be fully understood. Using S. cerevisiae, a model organism with a single essential SUMO gene (SMT3), we developed a library of >250 mutant strains with single or multiple amino acid substitutions of surface or core residues in the Smt3 protein. By screening this library using plate-based assays, we have generated a comprehensive structure-function based map of Smt3, revealing essential amino acid residues and residues critical for function under a variety of genotoxic and proteotoxic stress conditions. Functionally important residues mapped to surfaces affecting Smt3 precursor processing and deconjugation from protein substrates, covalent conjugation to protein substrates, and non-covalent interactions with E3 ligases and downstream effector proteins containing SUMO-interacting motifs. Lysine residues potentially involved in formation of polymeric chains were also investigated, revealing critical roles for polymeric chains, but redundancy in specific chain linkages. Collectively, our findings provide important insights into the molecular basis of signaling through sumoylation. Moreover, the library of Smt3 mutants represents a valuable resource for further exploring the functions of sumoylation in cellular stress response and other SUMO-dependent pathways.

SUBMITTER: Newman HA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5319795 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A high throughput mutagenic analysis of yeast sumo structure and function.

Newman Heather A HA Meluh Pamela B PB Lu Jian J Vidal Jeremy J Carson Caryn C Lagesse Elizabeth E Gray Jeffrey J JJ Boeke Jef D JD Matunis Michael J MJ

PLoS genetics 20170206 2

Sumoylation regulates a wide range of essential cellular functions through diverse mechanisms that remain to be fully understood. Using S. cerevisiae, a model organism with a single essential SUMO gene (SMT3), we developed a library of >250 mutant strains with single or multiple amino acid substitutions of surface or core residues in the Smt3 protein. By screening this library using plate-based assays, we have generated a comprehensive structure-function based map of Smt3, revealing essential am ...[more]

PMID: 28166236

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Project description:Native human insulin receptor (hIR) has been reported to contain only one free thiol group proposed to lie near the ATP-binding. domain of its beta-subunit [Finn, Ridge and Hofmann (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87, 419-423]. The present study investigated the role of the six cytoplasmic cysteines of the beta-subunit of the hIR using a mutagenic approach in which insulin receptors, mutated at each cytoplasmic cysteine (to alanine) in turn, were transfected into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Cell lines expressing hIR mutation at high level were obtained which, by both flow-cytometric analysis towards an hIR-specific monoclonal antibody (83-7) and insulin-binding analysis, were similar to the well-characterized CHOT cell line which overexpresses native hIR. The ED50 and Kd values of the mutant receptors were the same as those of the wild-type hIR. Each of the mutant receptors signalled insulin action to stimulate receptor autophosphorylation and kinase activity as well as glucose utilization to levels appropriate for the receptor level expressed. In contrast, insulin-stimulated thymidine uptake and glucose-transport responses of two of the six mutant cell lines, those expressing Cys981Ala and Cys1245Ala, were impaired compared with that of the native hIR-expressing cell line, CHOT. The beta-subunits of each of the hIR cytoplasmic cysteine mutant cell lines could be alkylated specifically with N-[3H]ethylmaleimide. The kinase activity of each receptor was inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide and stimulated by iodoacetamide, indicating that none of the cytoplasmic cysteines alone contributes the single free thiol group to the hIR structure. We conclude that the cytoplasmic cysteines of the hIR have a predominantly passive role in hIR activity although Cys-981 and Cys-1245 do affect mitogenic and glucose-transport responses of the receptor. Our findings indicate that the stoicheiometry of a single free thiol group/mol of insulin-binding activity noted in previous studies is either spread fractionally over a number of the cytoplasmic cysteines or is one of the four cysteines in the ectodomain of the hIR beta-subunit. Alternatively, the mutagenesis performed in the present study may enable differential exposure of a second titratable cysteine in wild-type and mutant receptors.

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A high throughput mutagenic analysis of yeast sumo structure and function.

Publications

A high throughput mutagenic analysis of yeast sumo structure and function.

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