Dataset Information

Risk Factors Associated With Early vs Delayed Dementia After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

ABSTRACT:

Importance

Patients who have experienced intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) appear to develop cognitive impairment at high rates, both early after ICH and over the long term.

Objective

To identify and compare risk factors for early and delayed dementia after ICH.

Design, setting, and participants

A longitudinal study enrolled patients who had experienced ICH from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2013. A total of 738 participants 18 years or older, without pre-ICH dementia, who presented to a tertiary care academic institution with primary ICH were included in the analyses of early post-ICH dementia (EPID). After accounting for incident dementia and mortality at 6 months, 435 participants were included in the analyses of delayed post-ICH dementia (DPID).

Exposures

Intracerebral hemorrhage.

Main outcomes and measures

Cognitive performance was captured using the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status test. Outcomes included EPID, diagnosed within 6 months after ICH, and DPID, diagnosed beyond 6 months after ICH.

Results

Among 738 patients who had experienced ICH (mean [SD] age, 74.3 [12.1] years; 384 men [52.0%]), 140 (19.0%) developed dementia within 6 months. A total of 435 patients without dementia at 6 months were followed up longitudinally (median follow-up, 47.4 months; interquartile range, 43.4-52.1 months), with an estimated yearly incidence of dementia of 5.8% (95% CI, 5.1%-7.0%). Larger hematoma size (hazard ratio [HR], 1.47 per 10-mL increase; 95% CI, 1.09-1.97; P < .001 for heterogeneity) and lobar location of ICH (HR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.06-3.91; P = .02 for heterogeneity) were associated with EPID but not with DPID. Educational level (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.40-0.89; P < .001 for heterogeneity), incident mood symptoms (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.02-1.63; P = .01 for heterogeneity), and white matter disease as defined via computed tomography (HR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.07-2.71; P = .04 for heterogeneity) were associated with DPID but not EPID.

Conclusions and relevance

Incident dementia early after ICH is strongly associated with hematoma size and location. Delayed incident dementia is frequent among patients who have experienced ICH and is not prominently associated with acute characteristics of ICH. These findings suggest the existence of heterogeneous biological mechanisms accounting for early vs delayed cognitive decline among patients who have experienced ICH.

SUBMITTER: Biffi A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5327781 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Risk Factors Associated With Early vs Delayed Dementia After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Biffi Alessandro A Bailey Destiny D Anderson Christopher D CD Ayres Alison M AM Gurol Edip M EM Greenberg Steven M SM Rosand Jonathan J Viswanathan Anand A

JAMA neurology 20160801 8

<h4>Importance</h4>Patients who have experienced intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) appear to develop cognitive impairment at high rates, both early after ICH and over the long term.<h4>Objective</h4>To identify and compare risk factors for early and delayed dementia after ICH.<h4>Design, setting, and participants</h4>A longitudinal study enrolled patients who had experienced ICH from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2013. A total of 738 participants 18 years or older, without pre-ICH dementia, who ...[more]

PMID: 27295605

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Project description:BackgroundCerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is the most common cause of lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the elderly, and its multifocal and recurrent nature leads to high rates of disability and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to summarize the evidence regarding the recurrence rate and risk factors for CAA-related ICH (CAA-ICH).MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search of all English studies published in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and CINAHL from inception to June 10, 2023. Studies reporting CAA-ICH recurrence rates and risk factors for CAA-ICH recurrence were included. We calculated pooled odds ratios (ORs) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random/fixed-effects model based on the I2 assessment of heterogeneity between studies. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's test.ResultsThirty studies were included in the final analysis. Meta-analysis showed that the recurrence rate of CAA-ICH was 23% (95% CI: 18-28%, I2 = 96.7%). The risk factors significantly associated with CAA-ICH recurrence were: previous ICH (OR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.50-2.75; I2 = 36.8%; N = 8), baseline ICH volume (OR = 1.01; 95% CI: 1-1.02; I2 = 0%; N = 4), subarachnoid hemorrhage (cSAH) (OR = 3.05; 95% CI: 1.86-4.99; I2 = 0%; N = 3), the presence of cortical superficial siderosis (cSS) (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.46-2.83; I2 = 0%; N = 5), disseminated cSS (OR = 3.21; 95% CI: 2.25-4.58; I2 = 16.0%; N = 6), and centrum semiovale-perivascular spaces (CSO-PVS) severity (OR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.14-2.45; I2 = 0%; N = 4).ConclusionCAA-ICH has a high recurrence rate. cSAH, cSS (especially if disseminated), and CSO-PVS were significant markers for recurrent CAA-ICH. The onset of ICH in patients with CAA is usually repeated several times, and recurrence is partly related to the index ICH volume. Identifying clinical and neuroimaging predictors of CAA-ICH recurrence is of great significance for evaluating outcomes and improving the prognosis of patients with CAA-ICH.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=400240, identifier [CRD42023400240].

Project description:ImportanceBlack and Hispanic individuals have an increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) compared with their White counterparts, but no large studies of ICH have been conducted in these disproportionately affected populations.ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence, odds, and population attributable risk (PAR) percentage for established and novel risk factors for ICH, stratified by ICH location and racial/ethnic group.Design, setting, and participantsThe Ethnic/Racial Variations of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Study was a case-control study of ICH among 3000 Black, Hispanic, and White individuals who experienced spontaneous ICH (1000 cases in each group). Recruitment was conducted between September 2009 and July 2016 at 19 US sites comprising 42 hospitals. Control participants were identified through random digit dialing and were matched to case participants by age (±5 years), sex, race/ethnicity, and geographic area. Data analyses were conducted from January 2019 to May 2020.Main outcomes and measuresCase and control participants underwent a standardized interview, physical measurement for body mass index, and genotyping for the ɛ2 and ɛ4 alleles of APOE, the gene encoding apolipoprotein E. Prevalence, multivariable adjusted odds ratio (OR), and PAR percentage were calculated for each risk factor in the entire ICH population and stratified by racial/ethnic group and by lobar or nonlobar location.ResultsThere were 1000 Black patients (median [interquartile range (IQR)] age, 57 [50-65] years, 425 [42.5%] women), 1000 Hispanic patients (median [IQR] age, 58 [49-69] years; 373 [37.3%] women), and 1000 White patients (median [IQR] age, 71 [59-80] years; 437 [43.7%] women). The mean (SD) age of patients with ICH was significantly lower among Black and Hispanic patients compared with White patients (eg, lobar ICH: Black, 62.2 [15.2] years; Hispanic, 62.5 [15.7] years; White, 71.0 [13.3] years). More than half of all ICH in Black and Hispanic patients was associated with treated or untreated hypertension (PAR for treated hypertension, Black patients: 53.6%; 95% CI, 46.4%-59.8%; Hispanic patients: 46.5%; 95% CI, 40.6%-51.8%; untreated hypertension, Black patients: 45.5%; 95% CI, 39.%-51.1%; Hispanic patients: 42.7%; 95% CI, 37.6%-47.3%). Lack of health insurance also had a disproportionate association with the PAR percentage for ICH in Black and Hispanic patients (Black patients: 21.7%; 95% CI, 17.5%-25.7%; Hispanic patients: 30.2%; 95% CI, 26.1%-34.1%; White patients: 5.8%; 95% CI, 3.3%-8.2%). A high sleep apnea risk score was associated with both lobar (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.36-2.06) and nonlobar (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.37-1.91) ICH, and high cholesterol was inversely associated only with nonlobar ICH (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.52-0.70); both had no interactions with race and ethnicity. In contrast to the association between the ɛ2 and ɛ4 alleles of APOE and ICH in White individuals (eg, presence of APOE ɛ2 allele: OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.34-2.52), APOE alleles were not associated with lobar ICH among Black or Hispanic individuals.Conclusions and relevanceThis study found sleep apnea as a novel risk factor for ICH. The results suggest a strong contribution from inadequately treated hypertension and lack of health insurance to the disproportionate burden and earlier onset of ICH in Black and Hispanic populations. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing modifiable risk factors and the social determinants of health to reduce health disparities.

Dataset Information

Risk Factors Associated With Early vs Delayed Dementia After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Importance

Objective

Design, setting, and participants

Exposures

Main outcomes and measures

Results

Conclusions and relevance

Publications

Risk Factors Associated With Early vs Delayed Dementia After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

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