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Blanching influences the phenolics composition, antioxidant activity, and inhibitory effect of Adansonia digitata leaves extract on ?-amylase, ?-glucosidase, and aldose reductase.

ABSTRACT: Adansonia digitata (A. digitata) leaves serve as food and has several medicinal uses in many parts of the world. This study evaluated the influence of blanching on the phenolics composition, antioxidant activity, and inhibitory effect of methanol extract of A. digitata leaves on the activities of some key enzymes (?-amylase, ?-glucosidase, and aldose reductase) implicated in type 2 diabetes (T2D) in vitro. Reverse-phase HPLC analysis revealed that the leaves had appreciable levels of flavonoids and phenolic acids, including catechin, epicatechin, rutin, quercitrin, quercetin, kaempferol, and luteolin (flavonoids); gallic, chlorogenic, caffeic, and ellagic acids (phenolic acids). Blanching caused significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the flavonoids and phenolic acids contents; DPPH* (2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical) and ABTS*⁺ [2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation] scavenging ability; reducing power; and Fe²⁺-induced lipid peroxidation inhibitory capacity of the extract. Similarly, the inhibitory effect of the extract on the activities of ?-amylase, ?-glucosidase, and aldose reductase was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced due to blanching. Thus, A. digitata leaves extract could be effective for the management of T2D due to its flavonoids and phenolic acids content, antioxidant properties, and inhibitory potency on the activities of ?-amylase, ?-glucosidase, and aldose reductase. However, blanching militated against the levels of these functional attributes of the leaves and, therefore, may not be recommended for their optimal retention.

SUBMITTER: Irondi EA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5332274 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Blanching influences the phenolics composition, antioxidant activity, and inhibitory effect of Adansonia digitata leaves extract on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and aldose reductase.

Irondi Emmanuel A EA Akintunde Jacob K JK Agboola Samson O SO Boligon Aline A AA Athayde Margareth L ML

Food science & nutrition 20160525 2

Adansonia digitata (A. digitata) leaves serve as food and has several medicinal uses in many parts of the world. This study evaluated the influence of blanching on the phenolics composition, antioxidant activity, and inhibitory effect of methanol extract of A. digitata leaves on the activities of some key enzymes (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and aldose reductase) implicated in type 2 diabetes (T2D) in vitro. Reverse-phase HPLC analysis revealed that ...[more]

PMID: 28265358

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Project description:Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is becoming a serious global health problem. Diabetes has been considered to be one of the major risks of cataract and retinopathy. Synthetic and natural product inhibitors of carbohydrate degrading enzymes are able to reduce type 2 diabetes and its complications. For a long time, potatoes have been portrayed as unhealthy for diabetic patients by some nutritionist due to their high starch content. However, purple and red potato cultivars have received considerable attention from consumers because they have high levels of polyphenolic compounds that have potent antioxidant activities. In this study, we screened the total phenolics (TP) and total anthocyanins (TA) and analyzed the phenolic and anthocyanin compounds in selected potato cultivars and advanced selections with distinct flesh colors (purple, red, yellow and white). Purple and red potato cultivars had higher levels of TP and TA than tubers with other flesh colors. Chlorogenic acid is the predominant phenolic acid, and major anthocyanin is composed of the derivatives of petunidin, peonidin, malvidin and pelargonidin. We tested the potential inhibitory effect of potato extracts on the activities of ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase, which were targeted to develop antidiabetic therapeutic agents. We also measured inhibitory effect of potato extracts on aldose reductase (AR) which is a key enzyme that has been a major drug target for the development of therapies to treat diabetic complications. Purple flesh tubers extract showed the most effective inhibition of ?-amylase, ?-glucosidase, and aldose reductase with IC50 values 25, 42, and 32 ?g/ml, respectively. Kinetic studies showed that anthocyanins are noncompetitive inhibitors of these enzymes, whereas phenolic acids behaved as mixed inhibitors for ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase and noncompetitive inhibitors for AR. This study supports the development of a positive and healthful image of potatoes, which is an important issue for consumers.

Project description:ObjectiveMedicinal plants and essentials oils are well known for diverse biological activities including antidiabetic potential. This study was designed to isolate essential oils from the leaves of Persicaria hydropiper L. (P. hydropiper), perform its phytochemical analysis, and explore its in vitro antidiabetic effects.Materials and methodsP. hydropiper leaves essential oils (Ph.Los) were extracted using a hydrodistillation apparatus and were subjected to phytochemical analysis using the gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. Ph.Lo was tested against two vital enzymes including α-glucosidase and α-amylase which are important targets in type-2 diabetes. The identified compounds were tested using in silico approaches for their binding affinities against the enzyme targets using MOE-Dock software.ResultsGC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 141 compounds among which dihydro-alpha-ionone, cis-geranylacetone, α-bulnesene, nerolidol, β-caryophyllene epoxide, and decahydronaphthalene were the most abundant compounds. Ph.Lo exhibited considerable inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase enzyme with 70% inhibition at 1000 μg mL-1 which was the highest tested concentration. The inhibitory activity of positive control acarbose was 77.30 ± 0.61% at the same tested concentration. Ph.Lo and acarbose exhibited IC50 of 170 and 18 µg mL-1 correspondingly. Furthermore, dose-dependent inhibitions were observed for Ph.Lo against α-amylase enzyme with an IC50 of 890 μg mL-1. The top-ranked docking conformation was observed for β-caryophyllene epoxide with a docking score of -8.3182 against α-glucosidase, and it has established seven hydrogen bonds and one H-pi interaction at the active site residues (Phe 177, Glu 276, Arg 312, Asp 349, Gln 350, Asp 408, and Arg 439). Majority of the identified compounds fit well in the binding pocket of Tyr 62, Asp 197, Glu 233, Asp 300, His 305, and Ala 307 active residues of α-amylase. β-Caryophyllene epoxide was found to be the most active inhibitor with a docking score of -8.3050 and formed five hydrogen bonds at the active site residues of α-amylase. Asp 197, Glu 233, and Asp 300 active residues were observed to be making polar interactions with the ligand.ConclusionsThe current study revealed that Ph.Lo is rich in bioactive metabolites which might contribute to its enzyme inhibitory potential. Inhibition of these enzymes is the key target in reducing postprandial hyperglycemia. However, further detailed in vivo studies are required for their biological and therapeutic activities.

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Blanching influences the phenolics composition, antioxidant activity, and inhibitory effect of Adansonia digitata leaves extract on ?-amylase, ?-glucosidase, and aldose reductase.

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Blanching influences the phenolics composition, antioxidant activity, and inhibitory effect of <i>Adansonia digitata</i> leaves extract on <i>α</i>-amylase, <i>α</i>-glucosidase, and aldose reductase.

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