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The Vagus Nerve in Appetite Regulation, Mood, and Intestinal Inflammation.

ABSTRACT: Although the gastrointestinal tract contains intrinsic neural plexuses that allow a significant degree of independent control over gastrointestinal functions, the central nervous system provides extrinsic neural inputs that modulate, regulate, and integrate these functions. In particular, the vagus nerve provides the parasympathetic innervation to the gastrointestinal tract, coordinating the complex interactions between central and peripheral neural control mechanisms. This review discusses the physiological roles of the afferent (sensory) and motor (efferent) vagus in regulation of appetite, mood, and the immune system, as well as the pathophysiological outcomes of vagus nerve dysfunction resulting in obesity, mood disorders, and inflammation. The therapeutic potential of vagus nerve modulation to attenuate or reverse these pathophysiological outcomes and restore autonomic homeostasis is also discussed.

SUBMITTER: Browning KN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5337130 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Vagus Nerve in Appetite Regulation, Mood, and Intestinal Inflammation.

Browning Kirsteen N KN Verheijden Simon S Boeckxstaens Guy E GE

Gastroenterology 20161215 4

Although the gastrointestinal tract contains intrinsic neural plexuses that allow a significant degree of independent control over gastrointestinal functions, the central nervous system provides extrinsic neural inputs that modulate, regulate, and integrate these functions. In particular, the vagus nerve provides the parasympathetic innervation to the gastrointestinal tract, coordinating the complex interactions between central and peripheral neural control mechanisms. This review discusses the ...[more]

PMID: 27988382

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Vagus nerve stimulation dampens intestinal inflammation in a murine model of experimental food allergy.

Project description:BackgroundThe vagus nerve has emerged as an important modulator of the intestinal immune system. Its anti-inflammatory properties have been previously shown in innate and Th1/Th17 predominant inflammatory models. To what extent the vagus nerve is of importance in Th2 inflammatory responses like food allergy is still unclear. In this study, we therefore aimed to investigate the effect of vagotomy (VGX) and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), on the development and severity of experimental food allergy.MethodsBalb/C mice were first sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) in the presence of alum. Prior to oral challenges with OVA, mice were subjected to VGX or VNS. Disease severity was determined by assessing severity and onset of diarrhoea, OVA-specific antibody production, mast cell number and activity, inflammatory gene expression in duodenal tissue and lamina propria immune cells by flow cytometry analysis.ResultsWhen compared to control mice, VGX did not significantly affect the development and severity of the disease in our model of food allergy. VNS, on the other hand, resulted in a significant amelioration of the different inflammatory parameters assessed. This effect was independent of α7nAChR and is possibly mediated through the dampening of mast cells and increased phagocytosis of OVA by CX3CR1hi macrophages.ConclusionsThese results underscore the anti-inflammatory properties of the vagus nerve and the potential of neuro-immune interactions in the intestine. Further insight into the underlying mechanisms could ultimately lead to novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of not only food allergy but also other immune-mediated diseases.

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Vagus nerve inflammation in COVID-19

Project description:To find inflammatory signatures in post mortem vagus nerves of COVID-19 patients in comparisin to non-infected controls.

2023-08-21 | GSE233732 | GEO

Modulation of brain dead induced inflammation by vagus nerve stimulation

Project description:Because the vagus nerve is implicated in control of inflammation, we investigated if brain death causes impairment of the parasympathetic nervous system, hence contributing to inflammation. Brain death (BD) was induced in rats. Anaesthetised ventilated rats (NBD) served as control. Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed by ECG. The vagus nerve was electrically stimulated (BD+STIM) during BD. Intestine, kidney, heart and liver were harvested after 6h. Affymetrix chip- analysis was performed on intestinal RNA. Quantitative PCR was performed on all organs. Serum was collected to assess TNFÎ± concentrations. Renal transplantations were performed to address the influence of vagus nerve stimulation on graft outcome. HRV was significantly lower in BD animals. Vagus nerve stimulation inhibited the increase in serum TNFÎ± concentrations and resulted in down-regulation of a multiplicity of pro-inflammatory genes in intestinal tissue. In renal tissue vagal stimulation significantly decreased the expression of E-selectin, IL1Î² and ITGA6. Renal function was significantly better in recipients that received a graft from a BD+STIM donor. Our study demonstrates impairment of the parasympathetic nervous system during BD and inhibition of serum TNFÎ± through vagal stimulation. Vagus nerve stimulation variably affected gene expression in donor organs and improved renal function in recipients. Gene expression in brain dead (BD) induced rat (with and without vagal stimulation) was compared with that of Non brain-dead ventilated control (NBD)

2010-05-19 | E-GEOD-16483 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Vagus nerve inflammation contributes to dysautonomia in COVID-19.

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Vagus Nerve Stimulation Reduces Indomethacin-Induced Small Bowel Inflammation.

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Vagus nerve inflammation in COVID-19

Project description:Vagus nerve inflammation in COVID-19

| PRJNA977669 | ENA

Vagus nerve controls resolution and pro-resolving mediators of inflammation.

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Modulation of brain dead induced inflammation by vagus nerve stimulation

Project description:Because the vagus nerve is implicated in control of inflammation, we investigated if brain death causes impairment of the parasympathetic nervous system, hence contributing to inflammation. Brain death (BD) was induced in rats. Anaesthetised ventilated rats (NBD) served as control. Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed by ECG. The vagus nerve was electrically stimulated (BD+STIM) during BD. Intestine, kidney, heart and liver were harvested after 6h. Affymetrix chip- analysis was performed on intestinal RNA. Quantitative PCR was performed on all organs. Serum was collected to assess TNFα concentrations. Renal transplantations were performed to address the influence of vagus nerve stimulation on graft outcome. HRV was significantly lower in BD animals. Vagus nerve stimulation inhibited the increase in serum TNFα concentrations and resulted in down-regulation of a multiplicity of pro-inflammatory genes in intestinal tissue. In renal tissue vagal stimulation significantly decreased the expression of E-selectin, IL1β and ITGA6. Renal function was significantly better in recipients that received a graft from a BD+STIM donor. Our study demonstrates impairment of the parasympathetic nervous system during BD and inhibition of serum TNFα through vagal stimulation. Vagus nerve stimulation variably affected gene expression in donor organs and improved renal function in recipients.

2009-12-01 | GSE16483 | GEO

An Effective Method for Acute Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Experimental Inflammation.

Project description:Neural reflexes regulate inflammation and electrical activation of the vagus nerve reduces inflammation in models of inflammatory disease. These discoveries have generated an increasing interest in targeted neurostimulation as treatment for chronic inflammatory diseases. Data from the first clinical trials that use vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease suggest that there is a therapeutic potential of electrical VNS in diseases characterized by excessive inflammation. Accordingly, there is an interest to further explore the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of electrical VNS in a range of experimental settings and available genetic mouse models of disease. Here, we describe a method for electrical VNS in experimental inflammation in mice.

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Percutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Reduces Inflammation in Critical Covid-19 Patients.

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