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High frequency stimulation induces sonic hedgehog release from hippocampal neurons.

ABSTRACT: Sonic hedgehog (SHH) as a secreted protein is important for neuronal development in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the mechanism about SHH release remains largely unknown. Here, we showed that SHH was expressed mainly in the synaptic vesicles of hippocampus in both young postnatal and adult rats. High, but not low, frequency stimulation, induces SHH release from the neurons. Moreover, removal of extracellular Ca²⁺, application of tetrodotoxin (TTX), an inhibitor of voltage-dependent sodium channels, or downregulation of soluble n-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) proteins, all blocked SHH release from the neurons in response to HFS. Our findings suggest a novel mechanism to control SHH release from the hippocampal neurons.

SUBMITTER: Su Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5338313 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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High frequency stimulation induces sonic hedgehog release from hippocampal neurons.

Su Yujuan Y Yuan Yuan Y Feng Shengjie S Ma Shaorong S Wang Yizheng Y

Scientific reports 20170306

Sonic hedgehog (SHH) as a secreted protein is important for neuronal development in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the mechanism about SHH release remains largely unknown. Here, we showed that SHH was expressed mainly in the synaptic vesicles of hippocampus in both young postnatal and adult rats. High, but not low, frequency stimulation, induces SHH release from the neurons. Moreover, removal of extracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup>, application of tetrodotoxin (TTX), an inhibitor of voltage ...[more]

PMID: 28262835

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Project description:Thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for tremor, but the mechanisms of action remain unclear. Previous studies of human thalamic neurons to noted transient rebound bursting activity followed by prolonged inhibition after cessation of high frequency extracellular stimulation, and the present study sought to identify the mechanisms underlying this response. Recordings from 13 thalamic neurons exhibiting low threshold spike (LTS) bursting to brief periods of extracellular stimulation were made during surgeries to implant DBS leads in 6 subjects with Parkinson's disease. The response immediately after cessation of stimulation included a short epoch of burst activity, followed by a prolonged period of silence before a return to LTS bursting. A computational model of a population of thalamocortical relay neurons and presynaptic axons terminating on the neurons was used to identify cellular mechanisms of the observed responses. The model included the actions of neuromodulators through inhibition of a non-pertussis toxin sensitive K(+) current (I(KL)), activation of a pertussis toxin sensitive K(+) current (I(KG)), and a shift in the activation curve of the hyperpolarization-activated cation current (I(h)). The model replicated well the measured responses, and the prolonged inhibition was associated most strongly with changes in I(KG) while modulation of I(KL) or I(h) had minimal effects on post-stimulus inhibition suggesting that neuromodulators released in response to high frequency stimulation are responsible for mediating the post-stimulation bursting and subsequent long duration silence of thalamic neurons. The modeling also indicated that the axons of the model neurons responded robustly to suprathreshold stimulation despite the inhibitory effects on the soma. The findings suggest that during DBS the axons of thalamocortical neurons are activated while the cell bodies are inhibited thus blocking the transmission of pathological signals through the network and replacing them with high frequency regular firing.

Dataset Information

High frequency stimulation induces sonic hedgehog release from hippocampal neurons.

Publications

High frequency stimulation induces sonic hedgehog release from hippocampal neurons.

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