Dataset Information

Recurrent mutations of MAPK pathway genes in multiple myeloma but not in amyloid light-chain amyloidosis.

ABSTRACT: Clinically applicable platforms revealing actionable genomic alterations may improve the treatment efficacy of myeloma patients. In this pilot study, we used a high depth targeted sequencing panel containing 83 anti-cancer drug target genes to sequence genomic DNAs extracted from bone marrow aspirates of 23 patients with myeloma and 12 patients with amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. Mutation analysis revealed NRAS as the most commonly mutated gene (30%, 7/23) in myeloma patients followed by KRAS (26%, 6/23) and BRAF (22%, 5/23). However, no significant mutations were found in the 12 patients with AL amyloidosis. Notably, 6 of the 23 myeloma patients showed multi-site and/or multi-gene mutations in NRAS, KRAS, or BRAF, indicating compound aberrations in the Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Gene panel sequencing also revealed cytogenetic abnormalities associated with prognosis in myeloma patients. In conclusion, our pilot study suggests that targeted gene sequencing may have an important prognostic value for myeloma patients for the identification of actionable genomic alterations and cytogenetic aberrations.

SUBMITTER: Kim SJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5356560 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Recurrent mutations of MAPK pathway genes in multiple myeloma but not in amyloid light-chain amyloidosis.

Kim Seok Jin SJ Shin Hyun-Tae HT Lee Hae-Ock HO Kim Nayoung K D NK Yun Jae Won JW Hwang Jee Hyang JH Kim Kihyun K Park Woong-Yang WY

Oncotarget 20161001 42

Clinically applicable platforms revealing actionable genomic alterations may improve the treatment efficacy of myeloma patients. In this pilot study, we used a high depth targeted sequencing panel containing 83 anti-cancer drug target genes to sequence genomic DNAs extracted from bone marrow aspirates of 23 patients with myeloma and 12 patients with amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. Mutation analysis revealed NRAS as the most commonly mutated gene (30%, 7/23) in myeloma patients followed by ...[more]

PMID: 27634910

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Project description:Light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a rare disease characterized by misfolded amyloid protein deposits in tissues and vital organs, and little is known about the burden of AL amyloidosis on health-related quality of life. This study aimed to quantify the burden of AL amyloidosis in terms of health-related quality of life in a diverse, community-based sample of AL amyloidosis patients.The SF-36v2® Health Survey (SF-36v2), a widely used generic measure of health-related quality of life (using physical and mental summary scales and subscales assessing eight aspects of functioning and well-being), was administered as an online survey of AL amyloidosis patients with AL amyloidosis (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02574676 ; n?=?341). Compared with adjusted general population sample norms, health-related quality of life of AL amyloidosis patients was significantly worse across all SF-36v2 scales and summary measures based on analysis of variance (p?<?0.05 for all). The largest decrement in AL amyloidosis patients was related to General Health (??=?9.7; p?<?0.001). With the exception of Bodily Pain and Mental Health, differences were also clinically meaningful based on established clinically minimal important differences. The burden of AL amyloidosis overall and in key subgroups tended to be greater on physical health than on mental health. Stratified analyses indicated additional burden among patients with recently diagnosed disease and those with cardiac involvement than among their respective counterparts.Understanding the burden of AL amyloidosis highlights the unmet need for treatment, helps physicians identify ancillary treatments and services geared towards improving patients' functioning, well-being, and overall health-related quality of life. These findings also help to support the use of health-related quality of life end points as important outcome measures in current and future treatment studies.ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02574676 . Registered October 5, 2015.

Project description:ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine phenotypes characterizing cardiac involvement in AL amyloidosis by using direct (fluorine-18-labeled florbetapir {[18F]florbetapir} positron emission tomography [PET]/computed tomography) and indirect (echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance [CMR]) imaging biomarkers of AL amyloidosis.BackgroundCardiac involvement in systemic light chain amyloidosis (AL) is the main determinant of prognosis and, therefore, guides management. The hypothesis of this study was that myocardial AL deposits and expansion of extracellular volume (ECV) could be identified before increases in N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide or wall thickness.MethodsA total of 45 subjects were prospectively enrolled in 3 groups: 25 with active AL amyloidosis with cardiac involvement (active-CA), 10 with active AL amyloidosis without cardiac involvement by conventional criteria (active-non-CA), and 10 with AL amyloidosis with cardiac involvement in remission for at least 1 year (remission-CA). All subjects underwent echocardiography, CMR, and [18F]florbetapir PET/CT to evaluate cardiac amyloid burden.ResultsThe active-CA group demonstrated the largest myocardial AL amyloid burden, quantified by [18F]florbetapir retention index (RI) 0.110 (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.078 to 0.139) min-1, and the lowest cardiac function by global longitudinal strain (GLS), median GLS -11% (IQR: -8% to -13%). The remission-CA group had expanded extracellular volume (ECV) and [18F]florbetapir RI of 0.097 (IQR: 0.070 to 0.124 min-1), and abnormal GLS despite hematologic remission for >1 year. The active-non-CA cohort had evidence of cardiac amyloid deposition by advanced imaging metrics in 50% of the subjects; cardiac involvement was identified by late gadolinium enhancement in 20%, elevated ECV in 20%, and elevated [18F]florbetapir RI in 50%.ConclusionsEvidence of cardiac amyloid infiltration was found based on direct and indirect imaging biomarkers in subjects without CA by conventional criteria. The findings from [18F]florbetapir PET imaging provided insight into the preclinical disease process and on the basis of interpretation of expanded ECV on CMR and have important implications for future research and clinical management of AL amyloidosis. (Molecular Imaging of Primary Amyloid Cardiomyopathy [MICA]; NCT02641145).

Project description:Monoclonal antibodies against the cell surface antigen CD38, e.g., isatuximab, daratumumab, or Mor202, have entered the therapeutic armamentarium in multiple myeloma due to single agent overall response rates of 29 vs. 36 vs. 31%, effectivity in combination regimen, e.g., with lenalidomide or bortezomib plus dexamethasone, and tolerable side effects. Despite clinical use, many questions remain. In this manuscript, we address three of these: first, upfront CD38 target-expression in AL-amyloidosis, monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS), asymptomatic, symptomatic, and relapsed multiple myeloma. Second, relation of CD38-expression to survival, disease stages, molecular entities, and high-risk definitions. Third, alternative splicing or lack of CD38-expression as potential mechanisms of upfront resistance. We assessed CD138-purified plasma cell samples from 196 AL-amyloidosis, 62 MGUS, 259 asymptomatic, 764 symptomatic, and 90 relapsed myeloma patients, including longitudinal pairs of asymptomatic/symptomatic (n?=?34) and symptomatic/relapsed myeloma (n?=?57) regarding interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (n?=?1,380), CD38-expression by gene expression profiling (n?=?1,371), RNA-sequencing (n?=?593), and flow cytometry (n?=?800). Samples of normal bone marrow plasma cells (n?=?10), memory B-cells (n?=?9), polyclonal plasmablastic cells (n?=?9), and human myeloma cell lines (n?=?54) were used as comparators. CD38 was expressed in all malignant plasma cell samples, but significantly lower compared to normal plasma cells with small but significant downregulation in longitudinal sample pairs. Higher CD38 expression was associated with the presence of t(4;14) and high-risk according to the UAMS70-gene score, lower expression was associated with del17p13 and hyperdiploidy in symptomatic myeloma as well as t(11;14) in asymptomatic myeloma. Higher CD38-expression was associated with slower progression to symptomatic and relapsed myeloma and better overall survival in the latter two entities. CD38 expression, t(4;14), del17p13, and gain of 1q21 are independently prognostic in multivariate analysis. By contrast, high CD38-expression is associated with adverse survival in AL-amyloidosis. Regarding mechanisms of upfront anti-CD38-treatment resistance, lack of CD38-expression and alternative splicing of receptor binding-sites could be excluded. Here, of the two protein coding CD38-transcripts CD38-001 (eight-exon, full length) and CD38-005 (truncated), CD38-001 conveyed >97% of reads spanning the respective CD38 splice junction.

Dataset Information

Recurrent mutations of MAPK pathway genes in multiple myeloma but not in amyloid light-chain amyloidosis.

Publications

Recurrent mutations of MAPK pathway genes in multiple myeloma but not in amyloid light-chain amyloidosis.

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