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Circulating tumour DNA reflects treatment response and clonal evolution in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

ABSTRACT: Several novel therapeutics are poised to change the natural history of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and the increasing use of these therapies has highlighted limitations of traditional disease monitoring methods. Here we demonstrate that circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) is readily detectable in patients with CLL. Importantly, ctDNA does not simply mirror the genomic information contained within circulating malignant lymphocytes but instead parallels changes across different disease compartments following treatment with novel therapies. Serial ctDNA analysis allows clonal dynamics to be monitored over time and identifies the emergence of genomic changes associated with Richter's syndrome (RS). In addition to conventional disease monitoring, ctDNA provides a unique opportunity for non-invasive serial analysis of CLL for molecular disease monitoring.

SUBMITTER: Yeh P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5357854 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Circulating tumour DNA reflects treatment response and clonal evolution in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

Yeh Paul P Hunter Tane T Sinha Devbarna D Ftouni Sarah S Wallach Elise E Jiang Damian D Chan Yih-Chih YC Wong Stephen Q SQ Silva Maria Joao MJ Vedururu Ravikiran R Doig Kenneth K Lam Enid E Arnau Gisela Mir GM Semple Timothy T Wall Meaghan M Zivanovic Andjelija A Agarwal Rishu R Petrone Pasquale P Jones Kate K Westerman David D Blombery Piers P Seymour John F JF Papenfuss Anthony T AT Dawson Mark A MA Tam Constantine S CS Dawson Sarah-Jane SJ

Nature communications 20170317

Several novel therapeutics are poised to change the natural history of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and the increasing use of these therapies has highlighted limitations of traditional disease monitoring methods. Here we demonstrate that circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) is readily detectable in patients with CLL. Importantly, ctDNA does not simply mirror the genomic information contained within circulating malignant lymphocytes but instead parallels changes across different disease compartm ...[more]

PMID: 28303898

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Project description:Genetic and epigenetic intra-tumoral heterogeneity cooperate to shape the evolutionary course of cancer1. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a highly informative model for cancer evolution as it undergoes substantial genetic diversification and evolution after therapy2,3. The CLL epigenome is also an important disease-defining feature4,5, and growing populations of cells in CLL diversify by stochastic changes in DNA methylation known as epimutations6. However, previous studies using bulk sequencing methods to analyse the patterns of DNA methylation were unable to determine whether epimutations affect CLL populations homogeneously. Here, to measure the epimutation rate at single-cell resolution, we applied multiplexed single-cell reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing to B cells from healthy donors and patients with CLL. We observed that the common clonal origin of CLL results in a consistently increased epimutation rate, with low variability in the cell-to-cell epimutation rate. By contrast, variable epimutation rates across healthy B cells reflect diverse evolutionary ages across the trajectory of B cell differentiation, consistent with epimutations serving as a molecular clock. Heritable epimutation information allowed us to reconstruct lineages at high-resolution with single-cell data, and to apply this directly to patient samples. The CLL lineage tree shape revealed earlier branching and longer branch lengths than in normal B cells, reflecting rapid drift after the initial malignant transformation and a greater proliferative history. Integration of single-cell bisulfite sequencing analysis with single-cell transcriptomes and genotyping confirmed that genetic subclones mapped to distinct clades, as inferred solely on the basis of epimutation information. Finally, to examine potential lineage biases during therapy, we profiled serial samples during ibrutinib-associated lymphocytosis, and identified clades of cells that were preferentially expelled from the lymph node after treatment, marked by distinct transcriptional profiles. The single-cell integration of genetic, epigenetic and transcriptional information thus charts the lineage history of CLL and its evolution with therapy.

Dataset Information

Circulating tumour DNA reflects treatment response and clonal evolution in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

Publications

Circulating tumour DNA reflects treatment response and clonal evolution in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

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