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Suitability of eastern pines for oviposition and survival of Sirex noctilio F.

ABSTRACT: The European woodwasp, Sirex noctilio F., is a pest of pines in many areas around the world. Since its introduction to North America, the distribution of S. noctilio overlaps with a known host (Pinus sylvestris) and hosts native to North America. Direct comparisons of suitability for oviposition and larval survival among these pines have not been made. We tested the relative suitability of four common pine species in northeastern North America (P. sylvestris, P. resinosa, P. banksiana, and P. strobus) as hosts for S. noctilio in a controlled, but in situ experiment. In a mixed pine forest in northern Ontario, we caged S. noctilio mating pairs on 10 freshly cut pine logs of each species, and estimated oviposition, counted adult S. noctilio (F1 generation) that emerged from logs, and calculated survivorship from egg to adult. Pinus sylvestris and P. resinosa were optimal hosts according to all three metrics of S. noctilio performance. Pinus strobus was a suitable larval host, but was not perceived as such by females, as evidenced by lower oviposition. Pinus banksiana was perceived as a suitable host by females, but was the least suitable larval host. Our results suggest that P. sylvestris and P. resinosa are more suitable hosts, at least in cut logs, than P. strobus and P. banksiana for S. noctilio in eastern North America.

SUBMITTER: Haavik LJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5363988 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundThe woodwasp Sirex noctilio Fabricius is a major quarantine pest worldwide that was first discovered in China in 2013 and mainly harms Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.. S. nitobei Matsumura is a native species in China and is closely related to S. noctilio. Recently, the two woodwasps species were found attacking the P. sylvestris var. mongolica Litv in succession. The olfactory system is the foundation of insect behavior. Olfactory genes were identified through antennal transcriptome analysis. The expression profiles odorant binding proteins (OBPs) were analyzed with RT-qPCR.ResultsFrom our transcriptome analysis, 16 OBPs, 7 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 41 odorant receptors (ORs), 8 gustatory receptors (GRs), 13 ionotropic receptors (IRs), and one sensory neuron membrane protein (SNMP) were identified in S. noctilio, while 15 OBPs, 6 CSPs, 43 ORs, 10 GRs, 16 IRs, and 1 SNMP were identified in S. nitobei. Most of the olfactory genes identified in two species were homologous. However, some species-specific olfactory genes were identified from the antennal transcriptomes, including SnocOBP13, SnocCSP6, SnocOR26, SnocGR2, SnocIR7 in S. noctilio and SnitGR9, SnitGR11, SnitIR17 in S. nitobei. In total, 14 OBPs were expressed primarily in the antennae. SnocOBP9 and SnitOBP9, identified as PBP homologues, were sex-biased expression in two siricid, but with different pattern. SnocOBP11 and SnitOBP11 were highly expressed in antennae and clearly expressed in external genitalia. SnocOBP7 and SnitOBP7 were highly expressed in male genitalia. SnocOBP3 and SnocOBP10 were highly expressed in female genitalia and male heads, while SnitOBP3 and SnitOBP10 did not show obvious tissue bias.ConclusionWe analyzed 86 and 91 olfactory genes from S. noctilio and S. nitobei, respectively. Most of the olfactory genes identified were homologous, but also some species-specific olfactory genes were identified, which indicated the similarities and differences of the molecular mechanisms between the two closely-related species. Different expression in the antennae, external genitals or heads, exhibiting an obvious sex bias, suggested their different role in recognizing sex pheromones or plant volatiles. Species-specific expression for several OBPs genes may suggest that they strengthened or lost their original function during species differentiation, resulting in olfactory differences between the two species.

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Suitability of eastern pines for oviposition and survival of Sirex noctilio F.

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