Persistent Arthralgia Associated with Chikungunya Virus Outbreak, US Virgin Islands, December 2014-February 2016.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Feldstein LR
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5367425 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an alphavirus that causes fever and severe polyarthralgia, swept through the Americas in 2014 with almost 2 million suspected or confirmed cases reported by April 2016. In this study, we estimate the direct medical costs, cost of lost wages due to absenteeism, and years lived with disability (YLD) associated with the 2014-2015 CHIKV outbreak in the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI). For this analysis, we used surveillance data from the USVI Department of Health, medical cost data from three public hospitals in USVI, and data from two studies of laboratory-positive cases up to 12 months post illness. On average, employed case-patients missed 9 days of work in the 12 months following their disease onset, which resulted in an estimated cost of $15.5 million. Estimated direct healthcare costs were $2.9 million for the first 2 months and $0.6 million for 3-12 months following the outbreak. The total estimated cost associated with the outbreak ranged from $14.8 to $33.4 million (approximately 1% of gross domestic product), depending on the proportion of the population infected with symptomatic disease, degree of underreporting, and proportion of cases who were employed. The estimated YLDs associated with long-term sequelae from the CHIKV outbreak in the USVI ranged from 599-1,322. These findings highlight the significant economic burden of the recent CHIKV outbreak in the USVI and will aid policy-makers in making informed decisions about prevention and control measures for inevitable, future CHIKV outbreaks.
| S-EPMC6668848 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Recent large-scale chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Zika virus epidemics in the Americas pose a growing public health threat. Given that mosquito bite prevention and vector control are the main prevention methods available to reduce transmission of these viruses, we assessed adherence to these methods in the United States Virgin Islands (USVI). We interviewed 334 USVI residents between December 2014 and February 2015 to measure differences in mosquito prevention practices by gender, income, presence of CHIKV symptoms, and age. Only 27% (91/334) of participants reported having an air conditioner, and of the 91 with air-conditioners, 18 (20%) reported never using it. Annual household income > $50,000 was associated with owning and using an air conditioner (41%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 28-53% compared with annual household income ? $50,000: 17%; 95% CI: 12-22%). The majority of participants reported the presence of vegetation in their yard or near their home (79%; 265) and a cistern on their property (78%; 259). Only 52 (16%) participants reported wearing mosquito repellent more than once per week. Although the majority (80%; 268) of participants reported having screens on all of their windows and doors, most (82%; 273) of those interviewed still reported seeing mosquitoes in their homes. Given the uniformly low adherence to individual- and household-level mosquito bite prevention measures in the USVI, these findings emphasize the need for improved public health messaging and investment in therapeutic and vaccine research to mitigate vector-borne disease outbreaks.
| S-EPMC5930869 | biostudies-other
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC4378499 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, which causes Chikungunya fever. Three CHIKV genotypes have been identified: West African, East-Central-South African and Asian. In 2014, CHIKV was detected for the first time in Mexico, accumulating 13,569 confirmed cases in the following three years. Studies on the molecular diversification of CHIKV in Mexico focused on limited geographic regions or investigated only one structural gene of the virus. To describe the dynamics of this outbreak, we analyzed 309 serum samples from CHIKV acute clinical cases from 15 Mexican states. Partial NSP3, E1, and E2 genes were sequenced, mutations were identified, and their genetic variability was estimated. The evolutionary relationship with CHIKV sequences sampled globally were analyzed. Our sequences grouped with the Asian genotype within the Caribbean lineage, suggesting that the Asian was the only circulating genotype during the outbreak. Three non-synonymous mutations (E2 S248F and NSP3 A437T and L451F) were present in our sequences, which were also identified in sequences of the Caribbean lineage and in one Philippine sequence. Based on the phylogeographic analysis, the viral spread was reconstructed, suggesting that after the introduction through the Mexican southern border (Chiapas), CHIKV dispersed to neighboring states before reaching the center and north of the country through the Pacific Ocean states and Quintana Roo. This is the first viral phylogeographic reconstruction in Mexico characterizing the CHIKV outbreak across the country.
| S-EPMC8779743 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC5720879 | biostudies-literature
Project description:New epidemics of infectious diseases can emerge any time, as illustrated by the emergence of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) in Latin America. During new epidemics, public health officials face difficult decisions regarding spatial targeting of interventions to optimally allocate limited resources. We used a large-scale, data-driven, agent-based simulation model (ABM) to explore CHIKV mitigation strategies, including strategies based on previous DENV outbreaks. Our model represents CHIKV transmission in a realistic population of Colombia with 45 million individuals in 10.6 million households, schools, and workplaces. Our model uses high-resolution probability maps for the occurrence of the Ae. aegypti mosquito vector to estimate mosquito density in Colombia. We found that vector control in all 521 municipalities with mosquito populations led to 402,940 fewer clinical cases of CHIKV compared to a baseline scenario without intervention. We also explored using data about previous dengue virus (DENV) epidemics to inform CHIKV mitigation strategies. Compared to the baseline scenario, 314,437 fewer cases occurred when we simulated vector control only in 301 municipalities that had previously reported DENV, illustrating the value of available data from previous outbreaks. When varying the implementation parameters for vector control, we found that faster implementation and scale-up of vector control led to the greatest proportionate reduction in cases. Using available data for epidemic simulations can strengthen decision making against new epidemic threats.
| S-EPMC6093909 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background:After routine mumps immunization programs were implemented in Manitoba in the 1980s, incidence was low, with 0-9 cases of disease annually. In September 2016, a mumps outbreak began in fully vaccinated university students in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Objective:We describe the investigation of this province-wide mumps outbreak, which lasted between September 2016 and December 2018. We present the details of public health measures implemented and challenges encountered. Possible contributing factors to the sustained transmission are also provided. Methods:Probable and confirmed cases of mumps were investigated by public health departments using the investigation form developed for this outbreak. Confirmed mumps cases were linked to the provincial immunization registry. An outbreak response team planned and implemented control measures across the province. Results:The outbreak began in vaccinated university students in September 2016 and spread across the province. Activity was high and prolonged in the northern remote areas. By the end of 2018, 2,223 cases had been confirmed. All age groups were affected, and incidence was highest among people aged 18-29 years. Two-dose coverage of mumps-containing vaccine in confirmed cases was close to 70%. Conclusion:This prolonged outbreak revealed a large vulnerable population likely resulting from under-vaccination and waning vaccine-induced immunity in the absence of natural boosting from exposure to mumps virus. It is important to maintain high two-dose coverage with mumps-containing vaccines. A third dose of mumps-containing vaccine in future outbreaks may be considered.
| S-EPMC7145432 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Since chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was introduced into the Americas in 2013, its geographic distribution has rapidly expanded. Of 119 serum samples collected in 2014 from febrile patients in southern Mexico, 79% were positive for CHIKV or IgM against CHIKV. Sequencing results confirmed CHIKV strains closely related to Caribbean isolates.
| S-EPMC4622247 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundArthralgia, persistent pain or stiffness of the joints, is the hallmark symptom of chronic chikungunya virus (CHIKV) disease. Associated with significant disability and reduced quality of life, arthralgia can persist for many months following CHIKV infection. Understanding the expected duration of arthralgia persistence is important for managing clinical expectations at the individual-level as well as for estimating long-term burdens on population health following a CHIKV epidemic.MethodsA review of cohort studies reporting the prevalence of arthralgia post-CHIKV infection over multiple time points was conducted. Generalized linear models were used to estimate the average rate of arthralgia resolution following CHIKV infection.ResultsSixteen cohort studies matching the inclusion criteria were identified and included in the analysis. An average rate of arthralgia resolution of 10.85% (95% confidence interval (CI) 9.05-12.66%) per month was estimated across studies, corresponding to an expected median time to arthralgia resolution of 6.39 months (95% CI 5.48-7.66 months) and an expected arthralgia prevalence of 72.21% (95% CI 68.40-76.23%) at 3 months post-CHIKV infection.ConclusionsEstimates of the average rate of arthralgia resolution and the expected prevalence of arthralgia over time post-CHIKV infection were derived. These can help inform expectations regarding the long-term public health burdens associated with CHIKV epidemics.
| S-EPMC8627389 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Biogas plants (BGPs) produce methane and carbon dioxide through the anaerobic digestion of agricultural waste. Identification of strategies for more stable biogas plant operation and increased biogas yields require better knowledge about the individual degradation steps and the interactions within the microbial communities. The metaprotein profiles of ten agricultural BGPs and one laboratory reactor were investigated using a metaproteomics pipeline. Fractionation of samples using SDS-PAGE was combined with a high resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometer, metagenome sequences specific for BGPs, and the MetaProteomeAnalyzer software. This enabled us to achieve a high coverage of the metaproteome of the BGP microbial communities. The investigation revealed approx. 17,000 protein groups (metaproteins), covering the majority of the expected metabolic networks of the biogas process such as hydrolysis, transport, fermentation processes, amino acid metabolism, methanogenesis and bacterial C1-metabolism. Biological functions could be linked with the taxonomic composition. Two different types of BGPs were classified by the abundance of the acetoclastic methanogenesis and by abundance of enzymes implicating syntrophic acetate oxidation. Linking of the identified metaproteins with the process steps of the Anaerobic Digestion Model 1 proved the main model assumptions but indicated also some improvements such as considering syntrophic acetate oxidation. Beside the syntrophic interactions, the microbial communities in BGPs are also shaped by competition for substrates and host-phage interactions causing cell lysis. In particular, larger amounts of Bacteriophages for the bacterial families Bacillaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridiaceae, exceeding the cell number of the Bacteria by approximately four-fold. In contrast, less Bacteriophages were found for Archaea, but more CRISPR proteins were detected. On the one hand, the virus induced turnover of biomass might cause slow degradation of complex biomass in BGP. On the other hand, the lysis of bacterial cells allows cycling of essential nutrients.
2019-05-03 | PXD009349 | Pride