Dataset Information

Antimicrobial resistance in coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from companion animals in Australia: A one year study.

ABSTRACT: Methicillin-resistant coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) have become increasingly recognised as opportunistic pathogens that limit therapeutic options in companion animals. The frequency of methicillin resistance amongst clinical isolates on an Australia-wide level is unknown. This study determined antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for CoPS isolated from clinical infections in companion animals (dogs, cats and horses) as part of the first nation-wide survey on antimicrobial resistance in animal pathogens in Australia for a one-year period (January 2013 to January 2014). Clinical Staphylococcus spp. isolates (n = 888) obtained from 22 veterinary diagnostic laboratories were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing for 16 antimicrobials, representing 12 antimicrobial classes. Potential risk factors associated with methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from dogs were analysed based on demographic factors and clinical history, including gender, age, previous antimicrobial treatment, chronic and/or recurrent diseases and site of infections. The most commonly identified CoPS were S. pseudintermedius (70.8%; dogs n = 616, cats n = 13) and S. aureus (13.2%, horses n = 53, dogs n = 47 and cats n = 17). Overall, the frequency of methicillin resistance among S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) and S. aureus (MRSA) was 11.8% and 12.8%, respectively. MRSP isolates were strongly associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones (OR 287; 95%CI 91.2-1144.8) and clindamycin (OR 105.2, 95%CI 48.5-231.9). MRSA isolates from dogs and cats were also more likely to be resistant to fluoroquinolones (OR 5.4, 95%CI 0.6-252.1), whereas MRSA from horses were more likely to be resistant to rifampicin. In multivariate analysis, MRSP-positive status was significantly associated with particular infection sites, including surgical (OR 8.8; 95%CI 3.74-20.7), and skin and soft tissue (OR 3.9; 95%CI 1.97-7.51). S. pseudintermedius isolated from dogs with surgical site infections were three times more likely to be methicillin-resistant if cases had received prior antimicrobial treatment. Whilst the survey results indicate the proportion of CoPS obtained from Australian companion animals that are methicillin-resistant is currently moderate, the identified risk factors suggest that it could rapidly increase without adequate biosecurity and infection control procedures in veterinary practice.

SUBMITTER: Saputra S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5400250 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Antimicrobial resistance in coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from companion animals in Australia: A one year study.

Saputra Sugiyono S Jordan David D Worthing Kate A KA Norris Jacqueline M JM Wong Hui S HS Abraham Rebecca R Trott Darren J DJ Abraham Sam S

PloS one 20170421 4

Methicillin-resistant coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) have become increasingly recognised as opportunistic pathogens that limit therapeutic options in companion animals. The frequency of methicillin resistance amongst clinical isolates on an Australia-wide level is unknown. This study determined antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for CoPS isolated from clinical infections in companion animals (dogs, cats and horses) as part of the first nation-wide survey on antimicrobial resistance i ...[more]

PMID: 28430811

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Project description:Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the miRNA expression in non-infected (H) mammary gland parenchyma samples with that of glands infected with coagulase-positive staphy lococci (CoPS) or coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) using next-generation sequencing. Methods: miRNA-seq analysis was performed on mammary gland parenchyma samples collected from non-infected cows and those infected with coagulase-positive or -negative staphylococci. The miRNA libraries were constructed from total RNA using NEBNext Multiplex Small RNA Library Prep Set for Illumina (New England Biolabs) according to the manufacturer protocol. The quantification of the obtained libraries was performed on a Qubit 2.0 spectrophotometer (Invitrogen, Life Technologies), while a quality control on a TapeStation 2200 instrument (D1000 ScreenTape; Agilent). Single-end cycle sequencing was performed on the HiScanSQ platform (Illumina) with the use of TruSeq SR Cluster Kit v3- CBOT-HS and TruSeq SBS Kit v 3 - HS (Illumina). MicroRNA differentially expressed between investigated groups were identified with the DESeq2 software. Results: Comparing the CoPS and H groups, 256 known and 260 potentially new miRNAs were identifed, including 32 that were diferentially expressed (p≤0.05), of which 27 were upregulated and 5 downregulated. Comparing the CoNS and H groups, 242 known and 171 new unique miRNAs were identifed: 10 were upregulated (p≤0.05), and 2 downregulated (p≤0.05). Comparing CoPS with H and CoNS with H, 5 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were identifed; in both comparisons, diferentially-expressed miRNAs were associated with the bacterial invasion of epithelial cells and focal adhesion pathways. Four gene ontology terms were identifed in each comparison, with 2 being common to both immune system processes and signal transduction. Conclusions: Obtained results enabled us to characterize the miRNA profile of the mammary gland parenchyma tissue, not only the healthy one but also the tissue infected with coagulase-positive and negative staphylococci as well as allowed identification of miRNAs differing the examined groups and characteristic for the staphylococci infection. They also indicated that miRNAs, especially miR-99 and miR-182, play an essential role in the epigenetic regulation of a range of cellular processes, including immunological systems bacterial growth in dendritic cells and disease pathogenesis (miR-99), DNA repair and tumor progression (miR-182).

Project description:Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the main pathogens in health care-associated ventriculitis and meningitis (HCAVM). This study aimed to assess antimicrobial susceptibility. Moreover, the treatment and clinical outcome were described. All neurosurgical adults admitted to one of the largest neurosurgical centers in China with clinically significant CoNS isolated from cerebrospinal fluid cultures in 2012 to 2020 were recruited. One episode was defined as one patient with one bacterial strain. Interpretive categories were applied according to the MICs. The clinical outcomes were dichotomized into poor (Glasgow Outcome Scale 1 to 3) and acceptable (Glasgow Outcome Scale 4 to 5). In total, 534 episodes involving 519 patients and 16 bacteria were analyzed. Over the 9 years, eight antimicrobial agents were used in antimicrobial susceptibility tests, including six in over 80% of CoNS. The range of resistance rates was 0.8% to 84.6%. The vancomycin resistance rate was the lowest, whereas the penicillin resistance rate was the highest. The linezolid (a vancomycin replacement) resistance rate was 3.1%. The rate of oxacillin resistance, representing methicillin-resistant staphylococci, was 70.2%. There were no significant trends of antimicrobial susceptibility over the 9 years for any agents analyzed. However, there were some apparent changes. Notably, vancomycin-resistant CoNS appeared in recent years, while linezolid-resistant CoNS appeared early and disappeared in recent years. Vancomycin (or norvancomycin), the most common treatment agent, was used in 528 (98.9%) episodes. Finally, 527 (98.7%) episodes had acceptable outcomes. It will be safe to use vancomycin to treat CoNS-related HCAVM in the immediate future, although continuous monitoring will be needed. IMPORTANCE Coagulase-negative staphylococci are the main pathogens in health care-associated ventriculitis and meningitis. There are three conclusions from the results of this study. First, according to antimicrobial susceptibility, the rates of resistance to primary antimicrobial agents are high and those to high-level agents, including vancomycin, are low. Second, the trends of resistance rates are acceptable, especially for high-level agents, although long-term and continuous monitoring is necessary. Finally, the clinical outcomes of neurosurgical adults with coagulase-negative staphylococci-related health care-associated ventriculitis and meningitis are acceptable after treatment with vancomycin. Therefore, according to the antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical practice, vancomycin will be safe to treat coagulase-negative staphylococci-related health care-associated ventriculitis and meningitis.

Project description:The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 has stimulated open collaboration between different scientific and clinical disciplines like never before. Public and private partnerships continue to form in order to tackle this unprecedented global challenge. This paper highlights the importance of open collaboration and cooperation between the disciplines of medicine, veterinary medicine, and animal health sciences in the fight against COVID-19. Since the pandemic took the whole world by surprise, many existing drugs were rapidly repurposed and tested in COVID-19 clinical trials and some of the trials are revealing promising results, it is clear that the long-term solution will come in the form of vaccines. While vaccines are being developed, the antiviral agent Remdesivir (RDV, GS-5734) is being repurposed for use in human clinical trials but this is being done without acknowledging the significant efforts that went into development for treating cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a highly fatal immune-mediated vasculitis in cats which is caused by a feline coronavirus. There are many other antiviral drugs and immune modulating treatments that are currently being trialed that have animal health origins in terms of discovery and clinical development. Closer collaboration between the animal health and human health sectors is likely to accelerate progress in the fight against COVID-19. There is much that we do not yet know about COVID-19 and its causative agent SARS-CoV-2 but we will learn and progress much faster if we increase interdisciplinary collaboration and communication between human and animal health researchers and taking a genuine "One Health" approach to this and other emerging viral pathogens. Enhanced knowledge of zoonotic coronaviruses can significantly enhance our ability to fight current and future emerging coronaviruses. This article highlights the acute need for One Health and comparative medicine and the crucial importance of building on and recognizing veterinary research for addressing future human pandemics.

Dataset Information

Antimicrobial resistance in coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from companion animals in Australia: A one year study.

Publications

Antimicrobial resistance in coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from companion animals in Australia: A one year study.

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