Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

25 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Relationship between ion migration and interfacial degradation of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ perovskite solar cells under thermal conditions.

ABSTRACT: Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been extensively studied because of their outstanding performance: a power conversion efficiency exceeding 22% has been achieved. The most commonly used PSCs consist of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ (MAPbI₃) with a hole-selective contact, such as 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9-spiro-bifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD), for collecting holes. From the perspective of long-term operation of solar cells, the cell performance and constituent layers (MAPbI₃, spiro-OMeTAD, etc.) may be influenced by external conditions like temperature, light, etc. Herein, we report the effects of temperature on spiro-OMeTAD and the interface between MAPbI₃ and spiro-OMeTAD in a solar cell. It was confirmed that, at high temperatures (85 °C), I^- and CH₃NH₃⁺ (MA⁺) diffused into the spiro-OMeTAD layer in the form of CH₃NH₃I (MAI). The diffused I^- ions prevented oxidation of spiro-OMeTAD, thereby degrading the electrical properties of spiro-OMeTAD. Since ion diffusion can occur during outdoor operation, the structural design of PSCs must be considered to achieve long-term stability.

SUBMITTER: Kim S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5430925 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Similar Datasets

Thermal assisted oxygen annealing for high efficiency planar CH₃NH₃PbI₃ perovskite solar cells.

Project description:We report investigations on the influences of post-deposition treatments on the performance of solution-processed methylammonium lead triiodide (CH₃NH₃PbI₃)-based planar solar cells. The prepared films were stored in pure N₂ at room temperature or annealed in pure O₂ at room temperature, 45°C, 65°C and 85°C for 12 hours prior to the deposition of the metal electrodes. It is found that annealing in O₂ leads to substantial increase in the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the devices. Furthermore, strong dependence on the annealing temperature for the PCEs of the devices suggests that a thermally activated process may underlie the observed phenomenon. It is believed that the annealing process may facilitate the diffusion of O₂ into the spiro-MeOTAD for inducing p-doping of the hole transport material. Furthermore, the process can result in lowering the localized state density at the grain boundaries as well as the bulk of perovskite. Utilizing thermal assisted O₂ annealing, high efficiency devices with good reproducibility were attained. A PCE of 15.4% with an open circuit voltage (VOC) 1.04 V, short circuit current density (JSC) 23 mA/cm(2), and fill factor 0.64 had been achieved for our champion device.

| S-EPMC4208060 | biostudies-literature

Alkali Metal Doping for Improved CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells.

Project description:Organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskites are proven to be a promising semiconductor material as the absorber layer of solar cells. However, the perovskite films always suffer from nonuniform coverage or high trap state density due to the polycrystalline characteristics, which degrade the photoelectric properties of thin films. Herein, the alkali metal ions which are stable against oxidation and reduction are used in the perovskite precursor solution to induce the process of crystallization and nucleation, then affect the properties of the perovskite film. It is found that the addition of the alkali metal ions clearly improves the quality of perovskite film: enlarges the grain sizes, reduces the defect state density, passivates the grain boundaries, increases the built-in potential (Vbi), resulting to the enhancement in the power conversion efficiency of perovskite thin film solar cell.

| S-EPMC5827644 | biostudies-literature

CH3NH3PbI3 grain growth and interfacial properties in meso-structured perovskite solar cells fabricated by two-step deposition.

Project description:Although the two-step deposition (TSD) method is widely adopted for the high performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite crystal growth mechanism during the TSD process and the photo-generated charge recombination dynamics in the mesoporous-TiO2 (mp-TiO2)/CH3NH3PbI3/hole transporting material (HTM) system remains unexploited. Herein, we modified the concentration of PbI2 (C(PbI2)) solution to control the perovskite crystal properties, and observed an abnormal CH3NH3PbI3 grain growth phenomenon atop mesoporous TiO2 film. To illustrate this abnormal grain growth mechanism, we propose that a grain ripening process is taking place during the transformation from PbI2 to CH3NH3PbI3, and discuss the PbI2 nuclei morphology, perovskite grain growing stage, as well as Pb:I atomic ratio difference among CH3NH3PbI3 grains with different morphology. These C(PbI2)-dependent perovskite morphologies resulted in varied charge carrier transfer properties throughout the mp-TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/HTM hybrid, as illustrated by photoluminescence measurement. Furthermore, the effect of CH3NH3PbI3 morphology on light absorption and interfacial properties is investigated and correlated with the photovoltaic performance of PSCs.

| S-EPMC5402745 | biostudies-literature

Investigation of Thermally Induced Degradation in CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells using In-situ Synchrotron Radiation Analysis.

Project description:In this study, we employ a combination of various in-situ surface analysis techniques to investigate the thermally induced degradation processes in MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells (PeSCs) as a function of temperature under air-free conditions (no moisture and oxygen). Through a comprehensive approach that combines in-situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray diffraction (GIWAXD) and high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HR-XPS) measurements, we confirm that the surface structure of MAPbI3 perovskite film changes to an intermediate phase and decomposes to CH3I, NH3, and PbI2 after both a short (20?min) exposure to heat stress at 100?°C and a long exposure (>1?hour) at 80?°C. Moreover, we observe clearly the changes in the orientation of CH3NH3+ organic cations with respect to the substrate in the intermediate phase, which might be linked directly to the thermal degradation processes in MAPbI3 perovskites. These results provide important progress towards improved understanding of the thermal degradation mechanisms in perovskite materials and will facilitate improvements in the design and fabrication of perovskite solar cells with better thermal stability.

| S-EPMC5498566 | biostudies-literature

Formation and Diffusion of Metal Impurities in Perovskite Solar Cell Material CH3NH3PbI3: Implications on Solar Cell Degradation and Choice of Electrode.

Project description:Solar cells based on methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) have shown remarkable progress in recent years and have demonstrated efficiencies greater than 20%. However, the long-term stability of MAPbI3-based solar cells has yet to be achieved. Besides the well-known chemical and thermal instabilities, significant native ion migration in lead halide perovskites leads to current-voltage hysteresis and photoinduced phase segregation. Recently, it is further revealed that, despite having excellent chemical stability, the Au electrode can cause serious solar cell degradation due to Au diffusion into MAPbI3. In addition to Au, many other metals have been used as electrodes in MAPbI3 solar cells. However, how the external metal impurities introduced by electrodes affect the long-term stability of MAPbI3 solar cells has rarely been studied. A comprehensive study of formation energetics and diffusion dynamics of a number of noble and transition metal impurities (Au, Ag, Cu, Cr, Mo, W, Co, Ni, Pd) in MAPbI3 based on first-principles calculations is reported herein. The results uncover important general trends of impurity formation and diffusion in MAPbI3 and provide useful guidance for identifying the optimal metal electrodes that do not introduce electrically active impurity defects in MAPbI3 while having low resistivities and suitable work functions for carrier extraction.

| S-EPMC5827569 | biostudies-literature

Towards High Performance: Solution-Processed Perovskite Solar Cells with Cu-Doped CH3NH3PbI3.

Project description:Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated remarkable photovoltaic performance, positioning themselves as promising devices in the field. Theoretical calculations suggest that copper (Cu) can serve as an effective dopant, potentially occupying interstitial sites in the perovskite structure, thereby reducing the energy barrier and enhancing carrier extraction. Subsequent experimental investigations confirm that adding CuI as an additive to MAPbI3-based perovskite cells improves optoelectronic properties and overall device performance. Optimizing the amount of Cu (0.01 M) has been found to significantly enhance crystalline quality and grain size, leading to improved light absorption and suppressed carrier recombination. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of Cu-doped PSCs increased from 16.3% to 18.2%. However, excessive Cu doping (0.1 M) negatively impacts morphology, resulting in inferior optical properties and diminished device performance. Furthermore, Cu-doped PSCs exhibit higher stabilized power output (SPO) compared to pristine cells. This study underscores the substantial benefits of Cu doping for advancing the development of highly efficient PSCs.

| S-EPMC10821043 | biostudies-literature

A Compact and Smooth CH?NH?PbI? Film: Investigation of Solvent Sorts and Concentrations of CH?NH?I towards Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells.

Project description:Four solvents (isopropanol (IPA), n-butyl alcohol (NBA), n-amyl alcohol (NAA), and n-hexyl alcohol (NHA)) were investigated to prepare CH?NH?I (methylammonium iodide, MAI) solutions to transform PbI? film into CH?NH?PbI? (MAPbI?) film. It was found that the morphology of the perovskite MAPbI? film was not only affected by the chain of the solvent molecule, but also by the concentration of MAI. The use of solvents with a long alkyl chain (NAA and NHA) allowed the MAPbI? to grow via an in situ transformation step, which easily made the perovskite films compact, but with a high surface roughness due to the growth of unexpected nanorods/nanoplates. The solvent with a short alkyl chain (IPA) led to the dissolution-crystallization growth mechanism, resulting in rapid generation of perovskite films with a number of pinholes. A high-quality (compact, smooth, pinhole-free) perovskite film was obtained with NBA and an optimized MAI concentration of 8 mg/mL. The corresponding perovskite solar cells achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.66% and average PCE of 14.76% (for 40 cells).

| S-EPMC6265889 | biostudies-other

Instability in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells due to elemental migration and chemical composition changes.

Project description:Organic-inorganic halide perovskites have rapidly grown as favorable materials for photovoltaic applications, but accomplishing long-term stability is still a major research problem. This work demonstrates a new insight on instability and degradation factors in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells aging with time in open air. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to investigate the compositional changes caused by device degradation over the period of 1000?hrs. XPS spectra confirm the migration of metallic ions from the bottom electrode (ITO) as a key factor causing the chemical composition change in the perovskite layer besides the diffusion of oxygen. XPS results are in good agreement with the crystallographic marks. Glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GD-OES) has also been performed on the samples to correlate the XPS results. Based on the experimental results, fundamental features that account for the instability in the perovskite solar cell is discussed.

| S-EPMC5684397 | biostudies-literature

Modulated CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx film for efficient perovskite solar cells exceeding 18.

Project description:The organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite layer is a crucial factor for the high performance perovskite solar cell (PSC). We introduce CH3NH3Br in the precursor solution to prepare CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx hybrid perovskite, and an uniform perovskite layer with improved crystallinity and apparent grain contour is obtained, resulting in the significant improvement of photovoltaic performance of PSCs. The effects of CH3NH3Br on the perovskite morphology, crystallinity, absorption property, charge carrier dynamics and device characteristics are discussed, and the improvement of open circuit voltage of the device depended on Br doping is confirmed. Based on above, the device based on CH3NH3PbI2.86Br0.14 exhibits a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.02%. This study represents an efficient method for high-performance perovskite solar cell by modulating CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx film.

| S-EPMC5355988 | biostudies-literature

Methodological Issues in First-Principle Calculations of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Surfaces: Quantum Confinement and Thermal Motion.

Project description:Characterization and control of surfaces and interfaces are critical for photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications. In this work, we propose CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPI) perovskite slab models whose energy levels, free of quantum confinement, explicitly consider the spin-orbit coupling and thermal motion. We detail methodological tools based on the density functional theory that allow achieving these models at an affordable computational cost, and analytical corrections are proposed to correct these effects in other systems. The electronic state energies with respect to the vacuum of the static MAPI surface models, terminated in PbI2 and MAI atomic layers, are in agreement with the experimental data. The PbI2-terminated slab has in-gap surface states, which are independent of the thickness of the slab and also of the orientation of the cation on the surface. The surface states are not useful for alignments in photovoltaic devices, while they could be useful for photocatalytic reactions. The energy levels calculated for the MAI-terminated surface coincide with the widely used values to estimate the MAPI alignment with the charge transport materials, i.e., -5.4 and -3.9 eV for valence band maximum and conduction band minimum, respectively. Our study offers these slab models to provide guidelines for optimal interface engineering.

| S-EPMC7676347 | biostudies-literature