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Exercise and dietary program-induced weight reduction is associated with cognitive function among obese adolescents: a longitudinal study.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:The present study was to determine the effect of a combined exercise and dietary program on cognitive function as well as the relationship between the program-induced weight change and cognitive function alterations. DESIGN:The study applies a quasi-experimental design. METHODS:Fifty-eight adolescents with obese status (body mass index, BMI >28 kg/m2) were assigned to either an experiment (n = 30) or control group (n = 28). Participants in the experiment group received a scheduled program with a specific exercise protocol (two sessions per day, six days per week) and diet plan for four consecutive weeks; the control group was instructed to maintain their normal school activities. The primary outcome measures were anthropometric data and flanker task performance. RESULTS:The combined program led to reduced BMI with maintenance of the incongruent accuracy in the experiment group, but the incongruent accuracy decreased in the control group after the four-week period. Additionally, the change in weight status between post- and pre-test measurements was inversely correlated with the change in incongruent accuracy. CONCLUSION:The combined exercise and dietary program resulted in decreased weight and enhanced executive function in the obese adolescents, and the weight alteration may be considered the mediator between the intervention and executive function.

SUBMITTER: Xie C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5436556 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Exercise and dietary program-induced weight reduction is associated with cognitive function among obese adolescents: a longitudinal study.

Xie Chun C Wang Xiaochun X Zhou Chenglin C Xu Chang C Chang Yu-Kai YK

PeerJ 20170516

<h4>Objective</h4>The present study was to determine the effect of a combined exercise and dietary program on cognitive function as well as the relationship between the program-induced weight change and cognitive function alterations.<h4>Design</h4>The study applies a quasi-experimental design.<h4>Methods</h4>Fifty-eight adolescents with obese status (body mass index, BMI >28 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) were assigned to either an experiment (<i>n</i> = 30) or control group (<i>n</i> = 28). Participants in ...[more]

PMID: 28533954

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Project description:AimWeight loss reduces risk factors associated with obesity. However, long-term metabolic improvement remains a challenge. We investigated quantitative gene expression of subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese individuals and its relationship with low calorie diet and long term weight maintenance induced changes in insulin resistance.Research designThree hundred eleven overweight and obese individuals followed a dietary protocol consisting of an 8-week low calorie diet followed by a 6-month ad libitum weight-maintenance diet. Individuals were clustered according to insulin resistance trajectories assessed using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. Adipose tissue mRNA levels of 267 genes selected for regulation according to obesity, metabolic status and response to dieting was assessed using high throughput RT-qPCR. A combination of discriminant analyses was used to identify genes with regulation according to insulin resistance trajectories. Partial correlation was used to control for change in body mass index.ResultsThree different HOMA-IR profile groups were determined. HOMA-IR improved during low calorie diet in the 3 groups. At the end of the 6-month follow-up, groups A and B had reduced HOMA-IR by 50%. In group C, HOMA-IR had returned to baseline values. Genes were differentially expressed in the adipose tissue of individuals according to groups but a single gene, CIDEA, was common to all phases of the dietary intervention. Changes in adipose tissue CIDEA mRNA levels paralleled variations in insulin sensitivity independently of change in body mass index. Overall, CIDEA was up-regulated in adipose tissue of individuals with successful long term insulin resistance relapse and not in adipose tissue of unsuccessful individuals.ConclusionThe concomitant change in adipose tissue CIDEA mRNA levels and insulin sensitivity suggests a beneficial role of adipose tissue CIDEA in long term glucose homeostasis, independently of weight variation.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT00390637.

Project description:BackgroundThe prevalence of obesity is rising. Obesity can lead to cardiovascular and ventilatory complications through multiple mechanisms. Cardiac and pulmonary function in asymptomatic subjects and the effect of structured dietary programs on cardiac and pulmonary function is unclear.ObjectiveTo determine lung and cardiac function in asymptomatic obese adults and to evaluate whether weight loss positively affects functional parameters.MethodsWe prospectively evaluated bodyplethysmographic and echocardiographic data in asymptomatic subjects undergoing a structured one-year weight reduction program.Results74 subjects (32 male, 42 female; mean age 42±12 years) with an average BMI 42.5±7.9, body weight 123.7±24.9 kg were enrolled. Body weight correlated negatively with vital capacity (R?=?-0.42, p<0.001), FEV1 (R?=?-0.497, p<0.001) and positively with P 0.1 (R?=?0.32, p?=?0.02) and myocardial mass (R?=?0.419, p?=?0.002). After 4 months the study subjects had significantly reduced their body weight (-26.0±11.8 kg) and BMI (-8.9±3.8) associated with a significant improvement of lung function (absolute changes: vital capacity +5.5±7.5% pred., p<0.001; FEV1+9.8±8.3% pred., p<0.001, ITGV+16.4±16.0% pred., p<0.001, SR tot -17.4±41.5% pred., p<0.01). Moreover, P0.1/Pimax decreased to 47.7% (p<0.01) indicating a decreased respiratory load. The change of FEV1 correlated significantly with the change of body weight (R?=?-0.31, p?=?0.03). Echocardiography demonstrated reduced myocardial wall thickness (-0.08±0.2 cm, p?=?0.02) and improved left ventricular myocardial performance index (-0.16±0.35, p?=?0.02). Mitral annular plane systolic excursion (+0.14, p?=?0.03) and pulmonary outflow acceleration time (AT +26.65±41.3 ms, p?=?0.001) increased.ConclusionEven in asymptomatic individuals obesity is associated with abnormalities in pulmonary and cardiac function and increased myocardial mass. All the abnormalities can be reversed by a weight reduction program.

Project description:Purpose:This study aimed to assess the effects of exercise with dietary restriction on arterial stiffness, central hemodynamics, and cardiac autonomic function in obese adolescents. Patients and methods:Twenty-one obese adolescents completed a 6-week exercise and dietary program. Body composition and metabolic parameters were measured. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were used to assess central and systemic arterial stiffness, respectively. Using applanation tonometry, the analyses of central hemodynamic parameters [central blood pressure, heart rate (HR), augmentation index normalized at 75 bpm (AIx75), and subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR)] were performed. To determine cardiac autonomic function, heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed by standard deviation of normal R-R intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive R-R interval differences (RMSSD), percentage of successive R-R intervals that differed by >50 ms (pNN50), total power (TP), low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) power, and LF/HF ratio. Results:Following the intervention, obese adolescents had reductions in body mass index, body fat percentage, brachial systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and HR; and they had shown improvements in lipid profiles. There were reductions in both cfPWV and baPWV following the intervention. Moreover, there were reductions in AIx75, aortic systolic and diastolic blood pressure and an augmentation in SEVR after intervention. The intervention increased cardiac autonomic function (determined by increased SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50, HF, and reduced LF/HF). Furthermore, we observed a correlation between increased cardiac autonomic function (SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50 and HF) and increased central hemodynamics, as measured by SEVR and AIx75. Conclusion:Obese adolescents had increased central hemodynamics and autonomic function with reduced arterial stiffness after exercise and dietary restriction. Moreover, a positive correlation between an enhancement of cardiac autonomic function and an augmentation in central hemodynamics was found after the intervention.

Project description:BackgroundObesity exacerbates the age-related decline in physical function and causes frailty in older adults; however, the appropriate treatment for obese older adults is controversial.MethodsIn this 1-year, randomized, controlled trial, we evaluated the independent and combined effects of weight loss and exercise in 107 adults who were 65 years of age or older and obese. Participants were randomly assigned to a control group, a weight-management (diet) group, an exercise group, or a weight-management-plus-exercise (diet-exercise) group. The primary outcome was the change in score on the modified Physical Performance Test. Secondary outcomes included other measures of frailty, body composition, bone mineral density, specific physical functions, and quality of life.ResultsA total of 93 participants (87%) completed the study. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the score on the Physical Performance Test, in which higher scores indicate better physical status, increased more in the diet-exercise group than in the diet group or the exercise group (increases from baseline of 21% vs. 12% and 15%, respectively); the scores in all three of those groups increased more than the scores in the control group (in which the score increased by 1%) (P<0.001 for the between-group differences). Moreover, the peak oxygen consumption improved more in the diet-exercise group than in the diet group or the exercise group (increases of 17% vs. 10% and 8%, respectively; P<0.001); the score on the Functional Status Questionnaire, in which higher scores indicate better physical function, increased more in the diet-exercise group than in the diet group (increase of 10% vs. 4%, P<0.001). Body weight decreased by 10% in the diet group and by 9% in the diet-exercise group, but did not decrease in the exercise group or the control group (P<0.001). Lean body mass and bone mineral density at the hip decreased less in the diet-exercise group than in the diet group (reductions of 3% and 1%, respectively, in the diet-exercise group vs. reductions of 5% and 3%, respectively, in the diet group; P<0.05 for both comparisons). Strength, balance, and gait improved consistently in the diet-exercise group (P<0.05 for all comparisons). Adverse events included a small number of exercise-associated musculoskeletal injuries.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that a combination of weight loss and exercise provides greater improvement in physical function than either intervention alone. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00146107.).

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Exercise and dietary program-induced weight reduction is associated with cognitive function among obese adolescents: a longitudinal study.

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Exercise and dietary program-induced weight reduction is associated with cognitive function among obese adolescents: a longitudinal study.

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