Dataset Information

The rice production practices of high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency in Jiangsu, China.

ABSTRACT: To face the great challenges of ensuring food security and environmental sustainability, agricultural production must be improved by high yield and high resource utilization efficiency (HYHE). We recently addressed this challenge and evaluated yield potential by surveying 735 farmers in 2008-2012 and then conducting 6 rice field experiments in 2008-2013 with large demonstration areas in 2010-2013 aimed to actualize the HYHE in Jiangsu Province, China. The survey result showed that the averaged N rate, grain yield and N partial factor productivity (PFPN) of the farmers were 336.7?kg ha-1, 8131.8?kg ha-1 and 24.2?kg?kg-1, respectively. Through controlling total N rates and adjusting the application timing, the yield and the PFPN of optimal N managements (OPT) were increased by 5.9% and 37.6% with 31.4% reduction in N supply amounts for 6 experimental sites, and the yield increased by 5.6% for large demonstration areas compared with farmers' fertilizer practices (FFP), respectively. In conclusion, although the soil properties of the different regions varied, HYHE could be achieved by regulating the N management practices, thus contributing to higher rice production and lower environmental costs from intensive agriculture in Jiangsu, China.

SUBMITTER: Guo J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5437039 | biostudies-literature | 2017 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The rice production practices of high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency in Jiangsu, China.

Guo Jiuxin J Hu Xiangyu X Gao Limin L Xie Kailiu K Ling Ning N Shen Qirong Q Hu Shuijin S Guo Shiwei S

Scientific reports 20170518 1

To face the great challenges of ensuring food security and environmental sustainability, agricultural production must be improved by high yield and high resource utilization efficiency (HYHE). We recently addressed this challenge and evaluated yield potential by surveying 735 farmers in 2008-2012 and then conducting 6 rice field experiments in 2008-2013 with large demonstration areas in 2010-2013 aimed to actualize the HYHE in Jiangsu Province, China. The survey result showed that the averaged N ...[more]

PMID: 28522870

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Project description:Super hybrid rice genotypes have transformed the rate of genetic yield gain primarily due to intersubspecific heterosis, although the physiological basis underpinning this yield transformation has not been well quantified. We assessed the radiation use efficiency (RUE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of novel hybrid rice genotypes under four management practices representative of rice cropping systems in China. Y-liangyou 900 (YLY900), a new super hybrid rice widely adopted in China, was examined in field experiments conducted in Jingzhou and Suizhou, Hubei Province, China, from 2017 to 2020. Four management practices were conducted: nil fertilizer (CK), conventional farmer practice (FP), optimized cultivation with reduced nitrogen (OPT-N), and optimized cultivation with increased nitrogen (OPT+N). Yield differences across the treatment regimens were significant (p < 0.05). Grain yield of OPT+N in Jingzhou and Suizhou were 11 and 12 t ha-1, which was 14 and 27% greater than yields obtained under OPT-N and FP, respectively. Relative to OPT-N and FP, OPT+N had greater panicle numbers (9 and 18%), spikelets per panicle (7 and 12%), spikelets per unit area (17 and 32%), and total dry weight (9 and 19%). The average RUE of OPT+N was 2.7 g MJ-1, which was 5 and 9% greater than that of OPT-N and FP, respectively, due to higher intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR). The agronomic efficiency of applied N (AEN) of OPT+N was 17 kg grain kg-1 N, which was 9 and 68% higher than that of OPT-N and FP. These results show that close correlations exist between yield and both the panicles number (R 2 = 0.91) and spikelets per panicle (R 2 = 0.83) in OPT+N. We conclude that grain yields of OPT+N were associated with greater IPAR, RUE, and total dry matter. We suggest that integrated cropping systems management practices are conducive to higher grain yield and resource use efficiency through expansion of sink potential in super hybrid rice production.

Project description:Overuse of nitrogen (N) fertilizer has led to low N use efficiency (NUE) and high N loss in single rice cropping systems in southeast China. Application of controlled-release urea (CRU) is considered as an effective N fertilizer practice for improving crop yields and NUE. Here, field experiments were conducted during 2015-2017 to assess the effects of two CRUs (resin-coated urea (RCU) and polyurethane-coated urea (PCU)) on rice yields, NUE and soil fertility at two sites (Lincheng town (LC) and Xintang town (XT)). Four treatments were established at each site: (1) control with no N application (CK), (2) split application of conventional urea (U, 270?kg?N ha-1), (3) single basal application of RCU (RCU, 216?kg?N ha-1), and (4) single basal application of PCU (PCU, 216?kg?N ha-1). The N application rate in the CRU treatment compared to the U treatment was reduced by 20%. However, the results showed that, compared to split application of urea, single basal application of CRU led to similar rice grain yields and aboveground biomass at both sites. No significant difference in the N uptake by rice plant was observed between the U and CRU treatments at either site. There were no significant differences in the N apparent recovery efficiency (NARE) among the U, RCU and PCU treatments, with the exception of that in XT in 2015. Compared to application of U, application of CRU increased the N agronomic efficiency (NAE) and N partial factor productivity (NPFP) by 17.4-52.6% and 23.4-29.8% at the LC site, and 15.0-84.1% and 23.2-33.4% at the XT site, respectively, during 2015-2017. Yield component analysis revealed that greater rice grain yield in response to N fertilizer was attributed mainly to the number of panicles per m2, which increased in the fertilized treatments compared to the CK treatment. The application of CRU did not affect the soil fertility after rice harvest in 2016. Overall, these results suggest that single basal application of CRU constitutes a promising alternative N management practice for reducing N application rates, time- and labor-consuming in rice production in southeast China.

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Dataset Information

The rice production practices of high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency in Jiangsu, China.

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The rice production practices of high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency in Jiangsu, China.

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