Dataset Information

Leptin and Leptin-to-Adiponectin Ratio Predict Adiposity Gain in Nonobese Children over a Six-Year Period.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Previous longitudinal studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the influence of adipokines on changes in weight and body fat. We aimed to determine the predictive value of serum leptin, adiponectin, and their ratio on subsequent changes in obesity measures in children.

Methods

Two hundred forty-six obese and 532 nonobese children aged 6-11 years were remeasured for BMI and waist circumference after 6.4?±?0.2 years. Z-score of BMI was used to standardize for age and sex. Obesity was defined using the international BMI cutoffs. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was calculated to define central obesity using a boundary value of 0.5. Fasting serum leptin and adiponectin levels were measured at baseline.

Results

Newly identified obese children had significantly higher levels of leptin and leptin-to-adiponectin ratio than nonobese children. There were lower adiponectin levels in boys with persistent obesity versus those with transient obesity. After adjusting for age, Tanner stage, and corresponding adiposity measures at baseline, leptin levels and leptin-to-adiponectin ratio were positively associated with BMI Z-score gain in girls and WHtR gain in boys. An inverse association between leptin and BMI Z-score gain was detected in boys. Stratified analyses revealed significant associations only in the nonobese and prepubertal group. There were no significant associations between adiponectin and changes in obesity measures.

Conclusions

High leptin levels and leptin-to-adiponectin ratio are sex-specific predictors of obesity measures gain in nonobese and prepubertal children. Body composition measurement is necessary to assess fat mass growth and distribution during childhood and adolescence.

SUBMITTER: Zhang M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5444411 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Leptin and Leptin-to-Adiponectin Ratio Predict Adiposity Gain in Nonobese Children over a Six-Year Period.

Zhang Meixian M Cheng Hong H Zhao Xiaoyuan X Hou Dongqing D Yan Yinkun Y Cianflone Katherine K Li Ming M Mi Jie J

Childhood obesity (Print) 20170127 3

<h4>Background</h4>Previous longitudinal studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the influence of adipokines on changes in weight and body fat. We aimed to determine the predictive value of serum leptin, adiponectin, and their ratio on subsequent changes in obesity measures in children.<h4>Methods</h4>Two hundred forty-six obese and 532 nonobese children aged 6-11 years were remeasured for BMI and waist circumference after 6.4 ± 0.2 years. Z-score of BMI was used to standardize for age ...[more]

PMID: 28128972

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Project description:Although the role of adiponectin and leptin in the etiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been explored in various populations, limited knowledge is available on the prospective association of adiponectin and leptin with the risk of MetS development. The present study aimed to evaluate the associations of adiponectin, leptin, and the leptin-adiponectin (LA) ratio with the future risk of MetS in middle-aged and older Korean adults. Using a prospective, population-based Ansan-Ansung cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES), 2691 Korean adults (1317 men and 1374 women) were included in the present study. Serum adiponectin and leptin concentrations were measured using commonly available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the relationships of the different adiponectin and leptin concentrations and LA ratio with the incident MetS. During a mean follow-up of 6.75 years, a total of 359 (27.26%) men and 385 (28.02%) women were identified as developing new-onset MetS. After controlling for covariates, higher adiponectin levels were associated with lower incidence of MetS (hazard ratio (HR) for third vs. first tertile: 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.40-0.70 for men and HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.42-0.71 for women), while higher leptin levels (HR for third vs. first tertile: 2.88, 95% CI: 2.01-4.13 for men and HR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.13-2.13 for women) and LA ratio (HR for third vs. first tertile: 3.07, 95% CI: 2.13-4.44 for men and HR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.41-2.66 for women) were associated with an increased incidence of MetS. Among men, in the fully adjusted models an increase by one standard deviation (SD) in adiponectin levels was associated with a 10% decrease in MetS risk (HR per SD: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.85-0.95) while leptin and LA ratio was associated with a 5% (HR per SD: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01-1.08) and 40% (HR per SD: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.22-1.62) increase in MetS risk, respectively. Among women, a significant association with MetS risk was observed only in adiponectin levels (HR per SD: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.88-0.95). We found that higher adiponectin level was associated with a lower risk of MetS, while higher leptin level and LA ratio were associated with elevated MetS incidence, irrespective of body mass index at baseline in both Korean men and women. Adiponectin and leptin levels and LA ratio could play a role as a useful biomarker in the prediction of future MetS development among middle-aged and older Koreans.

Project description:Adiponectin exerts beneficial effects by reducing inflammation and improving lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Although the adiponectin level is lower in obese individuals, whether weight gain reduces adiponectin expression in humans is controversial. We sought to investigate the role of weight gain, and consequent changes in leptin, on altering adiponectin expression in humans.Forty-four normal-weight healthy subjects were recruited (mean age 29 years; 14 women) and randomized to either gain 5% of body weight by 8 weeks of overfeeding (n=34) or maintain weight (n=10). Modest weight gain of 3.8±1.2?kg resulted in increased adiponectin level (P=0.03), whereas weight maintenance resulted in no changes in adiponectin. Further, changes in adiponectin correlated positively with changes in leptin (P=0.0085). In-vitro experiments using differentiated human white preadipocytes showed that leptin increased adiponectin mRNA and protein expression, whereas a leptin antagonist had opposite effects. To understand the role of leptin in established obesity, we compared adipose tissue samples obtained from normal-weight versus obese subjects. We noted, first, that leptin activated cellular signaling pathways and increased adiponectin mRNA in the adipose tissue from normal-weight participants, but did not do so in the adipose tissue from obese participants. Second, we noted that obese subjects had increased caveolin-1 expression, which attenuates leptin-dependent increases in adiponectin.Modest weight gain in healthy individuals is associated with increases in adiponectin levels, which correlate positively with changes in leptin. In vitro, leptin induces adiponectin expression, which is attenuated by increased caveolin-1 expression. In addition, the adipose tissue from obese subjects shows increased caveolin-1 expression and impaired leptin signaling. This leptin signal impairment may prevent concordant increases in adiponectin levels in obese subjects despite their high levels of leptin. Therefore, impaired leptin signaling may contribute to low adiponectin expression in obesity and may provide a target for increasing adiponectin expression, hence improving insulin sensitivity and cardio-metabolic profile in obesity.

Dataset Information

Leptin and Leptin-to-Adiponectin Ratio Predict Adiposity Gain in Nonobese Children over a Six-Year Period.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Leptin and Leptin-to-Adiponectin Ratio Predict Adiposity Gain in Nonobese Children over a Six-Year Period.

Similar Datasets

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