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Effects of risk for bipolar disorder on brain function: A twin and family study.

ABSTRACT: Bipolar disorder (BPD) is associated with altered regional brain function during the performance of cognitive tasks. The relative contribution of genetic and environmental risk factors for BPD to these changes has not yet been quantified. We sought to address this issue in a functional neuroimaging study of people who varied in their risk for BPD. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to study 124 subjects (29 twin and 9 sibling pairs with at least one member with BPD, and 24 healthy twin pairs) performing a working memory task. We assessed the influence of risk for BPD on regional brain function during the task in a two stage process. Firstly, we identified areas where there were group differences in activation. Secondly, we estimated the heritability and phenotypic correlation of activation and BPD using genetic modeling. BPD was associated with increased activation in the anterior cingulate, orbitofrontal, medial prefrontal, and left precentral cortices, and in the precuneus. Within these regions, activation in the orbitofrontal cortex rendered the most significant heritability estimate (h²=0.40), and was significantly correlated with BPD phenotype (r_ph=0.29). A moderate proportion of the genetic influences (r_g=0.69) acting on both BPD and on the degree of orbitofrontal activation were shared. These findings suggest that genetic factors that confer vulnerability to BPD alter brain function in BPD.

SUBMITTER: Sugihara G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5446324 | biostudies-literature | 2017 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of risk for bipolar disorder on brain function: A twin and family study.

Sugihara Genichi G Kane Fergus F Picchioni Marco M MM Chaddock Christopher A CA Kravariti Eugenia E Kalidindi Sridevi S Rijsdijk Fruhling F Toulopoulou Timothea T Curtis Vivienne A VA McDonald Colm C Murray Robin M RM McGuire Philip P

European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 20170406 5

Bipolar disorder (BPD) is associated with altered regional brain function during the performance of cognitive tasks. The relative contribution of genetic and environmental risk factors for BPD to these changes has not yet been quantified. We sought to address this issue in a functional neuroimaging study of people who varied in their risk for BPD. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to study 124 subjects (29 twin and 9 sibling pairs with at least one member with BPD, and 24 healthy tw ...[more]

PMID: 28392151

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Project description:Background: Within young individuals, mood disorder onset may be related to changes in trajectory of brain structure development. To date, however, longitudinal prospective studies remain scarce and show partly contradictory findings, with a lack of emphasis on changes at the level of global brain patterns. Cross-sectional adult studies have applied such methods and show that mood disorders are associated with accelerated brain ageing. Currently, it remains unclear whether young individuals show differential brain structure aging trajectories associated with onset of mood disorder and/or presence of familial risk. Methods: Participants included young individuals (15-30 years, 53%F) from the prospective longitudinal Scottish Bipolar Family Study with and without close family history of mood disorder. All were well at time of recruitment. Implementing a structural MRI-based brain age prediction model, we globally assessed individual trajectories of age-related structural change using the difference between predicted brain age and chronological age (brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD)) at baseline and at 2-year follow-up. Based on follow-up clinical assessment, individuals were categorised into three groups: (i) controls who remained well (C-well, n = 93), (ii) high familial risk who remained well (HR-well, n = 74) and (iii) high familial risk who developed a mood disorder (HR-MD, n = 35). Results: At baseline, brain-PAD was comparable between groups. Results showed statistically significant negative trajectories of brain-PAD between baseline and follow-up for HR-MD versus C-well ( ? = -0.60, p corrected < 0.001) and HR-well ( ? = -0.36, p corrected = 0.02), with a potential intermediate trajectory for HR-well ( ? = -0.24 years, p corrected = 0.06). Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that within young individuals, onset of mood disorder and familial risk may be associated with a deceleration in brain structure aging trajectories. Extended longitudinal research will need to corroborate findings of emerging maturational lags in relation to mood disorder risk and onset.

Dataset Information

Effects of risk for bipolar disorder on brain function: A twin and family study.

Publications

Effects of risk for bipolar disorder on brain function: A twin and family study.

Similar Datasets

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