Dataset Information

Easy and non-invasive disease detection in pigs by adenosine deaminase activity determinations in saliva.

ABSTRACT: The quantification of adenosine deaminase (ADA) in porcine saliva samples has been analyzed for its use as a marker of disease. First, an analytical validation of the enzymatic assay used for ADA measurements was performed. Afterwards, saliva samples were collected from 50 healthy animals and 64 animals with different symptoms of disease, which were divided into local inflammation, gastrointestinal disorder, respiratory disorder and growth retardation. To optimize ADA measurements, total ADA (tADA), specific ADA (sADA) and ADA isoforms 1 and 2 activities were calculated. Moreover, to preliminarily estimate the diagnostic value of tADA activity measurements for disease detection, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses was performed and compared to the results obtained for salivary acute phase proteins, haptoglobin (Hp) and C-reactive protein (CRP). The salivary levels of tADA activity were significantly elevated in animals with local inflammation, gastrointestinal disorder and respiratory disorder. The calculation of the different ADA activities did not provide additional information to tADA activity quantification for disease detection. The diagnostic value of tADA activity was superior to those observed for Hp and CRP measurements in the present study. It might be concluded that ADA analysis in saliva could be used as a simple, rapid, economic and non-invasive diagnostic tool in porcine production in field conditions.

SUBMITTER: Gutierrez AM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5464646 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Easy and non-invasive disease detection in pigs by adenosine deaminase activity determinations in saliva.

Gutiérrez Ana María AM De La Cruz-Sánchez Ernesto E Montes Ana A Sotillo Juan J Gutiérrez-Panizo Cándido C Fuentes Pablo P Tornel Pedro Luis PL Cabezas-Herrera Juan J

PloS one 20170608 6

The quantification of adenosine deaminase (ADA) in porcine saliva samples has been analyzed for its use as a marker of disease. First, an analytical validation of the enzymatic assay used for ADA measurements was performed. Afterwards, saliva samples were collected from 50 healthy animals and 64 animals with different symptoms of disease, which were divided into local inflammation, gastrointestinal disorder, respiratory disorder and growth retardation. To optimize ADA measurements, total ADA (tA ...[more]

PMID: 28594948

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Project description:Background Postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PDS) is associated with a significantly higher activation of the inflammatory and stress response at parturition than in the healthy sow. Therefore, reliable and possibly non-invasive biomarkers for substantial increases of inflammation are searched to support the PDS diagnosis. This report studies the possible changes of the inflammatory marker enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) in serum and saliva of 38 PDS positive sows (PDS+) and 38 healthy sows (PDS-). Sampling was performed every 24 h from 60 h before to 36 h after parturition. Isoenzyme 1 (ADA1) and isoenzyme 2 (ADA2), as well as total ADA (tADA), were measured and their statistical association with several serum and saliva biomarkers of inflammation and stress was investigated. Results Compared to a baseline (60 to 36h prepartum), salivary activities of ADA1, ADA2 and tADA increased significantly over time in both PDS+ and PDS- sows, reaching their peaks after parturition. In serum from PDS- sows, no changes were observed over time in either ADA1, ADA2 or tADA. In PDS+ sows, serum ADA2 activity decreased temporarily after parturition followed by a significant increase compared to baseline. ADA1, ADA2 and tADA were all significantly associated with several inflammatory biomarkers and ADA1 in serum was associated with serum cortisol. Although serum activity was higher in PDS+ than in PDS- sows, the differences were not statistically significant. Further, no difference was noted between the groups in the analyses of saliva. Conclusions Salivary ADA1 and ADA2 increased in all sows after parturition, potentially as a response to the postpartum inflammation. However, no difference in the activity of ADA1, ADA2 and tADA were found between PDS+ and PDS- sows indicating inability to diagnose PDS under the conditions described in this report. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-03067-6.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Human adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) is an extracellular enzyme that negatively regulates adenosine-mediated cell signaling by converting adenosine to inosine. Altered ADA2 enzyme activity has been associated with some viral infections and rheumatic diseases. The potential utility of ADA2 as a biomarker is, however, limited by the absence of established ranges of ADA2 concentration and enzyme activity in the healthy population. It is known that ADA2 enzyme activity is lower in adults, but when (and why) this decline happens is not known. The purpose of this study was to establish normative ranges of ADA2 enzyme activity and protein concentration in the healthy pediatric population. METHODS:We modified a commercially available ADA2 enzyme activity assay to enable higher throughput analysis of fresh, frozen and hemolyzed blood samples. With this assay and ADA2 protein immunoblotting, we analyzed ADA2 enzyme activity and protein concentration in blood plasma from a cohort of children and adolescents (n?=?94) aged 5?months to 18?years. One-way ANOVA with subsequent Tukey multiple comparison test was used to analyze group differences. Reference intervals were generated using the central 95% of the population (2-97.5 percentiles). RESULTS:ADA2 enzyme activity was consistent in fresh, frozen, and hemolyzed sera and plasma as measured by our modified assay. Analysis of plasma samples from the healthy pediatric cohort revealed that ADA2 enzyme activity is significantly lower in older children than in younger children (p?<?0.0001). In contrast, there was no significant correlation between ADA2 protein concentration and either age or ADA2 enzyme activity. CONCLUSION:We observed that ADA2 enzyme activity, but not ADA2 protein concentration, negatively correlates with age in a cohort of children and adolescents. Our findings stress the importance of appropriate age-matched controls for assessing ADA2 enzyme activity in the clinical setting.

Dataset Information

Easy and non-invasive disease detection in pigs by adenosine deaminase activity determinations in saliva.

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Easy and non-invasive disease detection in pigs by adenosine deaminase activity determinations in saliva.

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