Dataset Information

Responsiveness of a Brief Measure of Lung Cancer Screening Knowledge.

ABSTRACT: Our aim was to examine the responsiveness of a lung cancer screening brief knowledge measure (LCS-12). Eligible participants were aged 55-80 years, current smokers or had quit within 15 years, and English speaking. They completed a baseline pretest survey, viewed a lung cancer screening video-based patient decision aid, and then filled out a follow-up posttest survey. We performed a paired samples t-test, calculated effect size, and calculated absolute and relative percent improvement for each item. Participants (n = 30) were primarily White (63%) with less than a college degree (63%), and half were female (50%). Mean age was 61.5 years (standard deviation [SD] = 4.67) and average smoking history was 30.4 pack-years (range = 4.6-90.0). Mean score on the 12-item measure increased from 47.3% correct on the pretest to 80.3% correct on the posttest (mean pretest score = 5.67 vs. mean posttest score = 9.63; mean score difference = 3.97, SD = 2.87, 95% CI = 2.90, 5.04). Total knowledge scores improved significantly and were responsive to the decision aid intervention (paired samples t-test = 7.57, p < .001; Cohen's effect size = 1.59; standard response mean [SRM] = 1.38). All individual items were responsive, yet two items had lower absolute responsiveness than the others (item 8: "Without screening, is lung cancer often found at a later stage when cure is less likely?" pretest correct = 83.3% vs. posttest = 96.7%, responsiveness = 13.4%; and item 10: "Can a CT scan find lung disease that is not cancer?" pretest correct = 80.0% vs. posttest = 93.3%, responsiveness = 13.3%). The LCS-12 knowledge measure may be a useful outcome measure of shared decision making for lung cancer screening.

SUBMITTER: Housten AJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5471134 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Responsiveness of a Brief Measure of Lung Cancer Screening Knowledge.

Housten Ashley J AJ Lowenstein Lisa M LM Leal Viola B VB Volk Robert J RJ

Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education 20180801 4

Our aim was to examine the responsiveness of a lung cancer screening brief knowledge measure (LCS-12). Eligible participants were aged 55-80 years, current smokers or had quit within 15 years, and English speaking. They completed a baseline pretest survey, viewed a lung cancer screening video-based patient decision aid, and then filled out a follow-up posttest survey. We performed a paired samples t-test, calculated effect size, and calculated absolute and relative percent improvement for each i ...[more]

PMID: 27966194

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Project description:Background. Recent data and policy decisions have led to the availability of lung cancer screening (LCS) for individuals who are at increased risk of developing lung cancer. In establishing implementation policies, the US Preventive Services Task Force recommended and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services required that individuals who meet eligibility criteria for LCS receive a patient counseling and shared decision-making consultation prior to LCS. Methods. This study evaluated the potential of a values clarification/preference elicitation exercise and brief educational intervention to reduce decisional conflict regarding LCS. Participants (N = 210) completing a larger online survey responded to a measure of decisional conflict prior to and following administration of a conjoint survey and brief educational narrative about LCS. The conjoint survey included 22 choice sets (two of which were holdout cards), incorporating 5 attributes with 17 levels. Results. Results pertaining to changes in decisional conflict showed that participants reported statistically significantly and clinically meaningful reductions in decisional conflict following administration of the brief educational narrative and conjoint survey across the total score (? = 29.30; d = 1.09) and all four decisional conflict subscales: Uncertainty (? = 27.75; d = 0.73), Informed (? = 35.32; d = 1.11), Values Clarity (? = 31.82; d = 0.85), and Support (? = 18.78; d = 0.66). Discussion. While the study design precludes differentiating the effects of the brief educational narrative and the conjoint survey, data suggest that these tools offer a reasonable approach to clarifying personal beliefs and perspectives regarding LCS participation. Given the complicated nature of LCS decisions and recent policies advocating informed and shared decision-making approaches, conjoint surveys should be evaluated as one of the tools that could help individuals make choices about LCS participation.

Project description:BackgroundFew measures capture the complex symptoms and concerns of those receiving palliative care.AimTo validate the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale, a measure underpinned by extensive psychometric development, by evaluating its validity, reliability and responsiveness to change.DesignConcurrent, cross-cultural validation study of the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale - both (1) patient self-report and (2) staff proxy-report versions. We tested construct validity (factor analysis, known-group comparisons, and correlational analysis), reliability (internal consistency, agreement, and test-retest reliability), and responsiveness (through longitudinal evaluation of change).Setting/participantsIn all, 376 adults receiving palliative care, and 161 clinicians, from a range of settings in the United Kingdom and Germany.ResultsWe confirm a three-factor structure (Physical Symptoms, Emotional Symptoms and Communication/Practical Issues). Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale shows strong ability to distinguish between clinically relevant groups; total Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale and Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale subscale scores were higher - reflecting more problems - in those patients with 'unstable' or 'deteriorating' versus 'stable' Phase of Illness (F = 15.1, p < 0.001). Good convergent and discriminant validity to hypothesised items and subscales of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General is demonstrated. The Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale shows good internal consistency (α = 0.77) and acceptable to good test-retest reliability (60% of items kw > 0.60). Longitudinal validity in form of responsiveness to change is good.ConclusionThe Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale is a valid and reliable outcome measure, both in patient self-report and staff proxy-report versions. It can assess and monitor symptoms and concerns in advanced illness, determine the impact of healthcare interventions, and demonstrate quality of care. This represents a major step forward internationally for palliative care outcome measurement.

Project description:Introduction The National Cancer Institute Smoking Cessation at Lung Examination (SCALE) Collaboration includes eight clinical trials testing smoking cessation interventions delivered with lung cancer screening (LCS). This investigation compared pooled participant baseline demographic and smoking characteristics of seven SCALE trials to LCS-eligible smokers in three U.S. nationally representative surveys. Methods Baseline variables (age, sex, race, ethnicity, education, income, cigarettes per day, and time to the first cigarette) from 3614 smokers enrolled in SCALE trials as of September 2020 were compared with pooled data from the Tobacco Use Supplement–Current Population Survey (2018–2019), National Health Interview Survey (2017–2018), and Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (wave 4, 2016–2017) using the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force 2013 (N = 4803) and 2021 (N = 8604) LCS eligibility criteria. Results SCALE participants have similar average age as the U.S. LCS–eligible smokers using the 2013 criteria but are 2.8 years older using the 2021 criteria (p < 0.001). SCALE has a lower proportion of men, a higher proportion of Blacks, and slightly higher education and income levels than national surveys (p < 0.001). SCALE participants smoke an average of 17.9 cigarettes per day (SD 9.2) compared with 22.4 (SD 9.3) using the 2013 criteria and 19.6 (SD 9.7) using the 2021 criteria (p < 0.001). The distribution of time to the first cigarette differs between SCALE and the national surveys (p < 0.001), but both indicate high levels of nicotine dependence. Conclusions SCALE participants smoke slightly less than the LCS-eligible smokers in the general population, perhaps related to socioeconomic status or race. Other demographic variables reveal small but statistically significant differences, likely of limited clinical relevance with respect to tobacco treatment outcomes. SCALE trial results should be applicable to LCS-eligible smokers from the U.S. population.

Dataset Information

Responsiveness of a Brief Measure of Lung Cancer Screening Knowledge.

Publications

Responsiveness of a Brief Measure of Lung Cancer Screening Knowledge.

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